@-webkit-keyframes animateLoader{0%{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{-webkit-transform:rotate(220deg)}}@keyframes animateLoader{0%{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{-webkit-transform:rotate(220deg);transform:rotate(220deg)}}@-webkit-keyframes animateLoader2{0%{webkit-transform:rotate(-140deg)}100%{webkit-transform:rotate(140deg)}}@keyframes animateLoader2{0%{-webkit-transform:rotate(-140deg);transform:rotate(-140deg)}100%{-webkit-transform:rotate(140deg);transform:rotate(140deg)}}@font-face{font-family:"MillerDisplay";src:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millerdisplay-roman.woff") format("woff"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millerdisplay-roman.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:normal;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:"MillerDisplay";src:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millerdisplay-italic.woff") format("woff"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millerdisplay-italic.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:normal;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:"MillerDisplay";src:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millerdisplay-lightitalic.woff") format("woff"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millerdisplay-lightitalic.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:100;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:"MillerDisplay";src:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millerdisplay-light.woff") format("woff"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millerdisplay-light.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:100;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:"MillerDisplay";src:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millerdisplay-bold.woff") format("woff"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millerdisplay-bold.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:"MillerDisplay";src:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millerdisplay-semibold.woff") format("woff"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millerdisplay-semibold.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:600;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:"MillerDisplay";src:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millerdisplay-semibolditalic.woff") format("woff"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millerdisplay-semibolditalic.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:600;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:"MillerText";src:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millertext-roman.woff") format("woff"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millertext-roman.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:normal;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:"MillerText";src:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millertext-italic.woff") format("woff"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millertext-italic.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:normal;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:"MillerText";src:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millertext-bold.woff") format("woff"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millertext-bold.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:bold;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:"MillerText";src:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millertext-bolditalic.woff") format("woff"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/font-bureau-millertext-bolditalic.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:bold;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:"NeueHaas";src:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/nhaasgroteskdsstd-15ultth.woff") format("woff"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/nhaasgroteskdsstd-15ultth.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:100;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:"NeueHaas";src:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/nhaasgroteskdsstd-25th.woff") format("woff"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/nhaasgroteskdsstd-25th.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:200;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:"NeueHaas";src:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/nhaasgroteskdsstd-35xlt.woff") format("woff"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/nhaasgroteskdsstd-35xlt.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:300;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:"NeueHaas";src:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/nhaasgroteskdsstd-55rg.woff") format("woff"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/nhaasgroteskdsstd-55rg.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:"NeueHaas";src:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/nhaasgroteskdsstd-65md.woff") format("woff"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/nhaasgroteskdsstd-65md.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:600;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:"NeueHaas";src:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/nhaasgroteskdsstd-75bd.woff") format("woff"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/nhaasgroteskdsstd-75bd.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:"NeueHaas";src:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/nhaasgroteskdsstd-95blk.woff") format("woff"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/nhaasgroteskdsstd-95blk.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:900;font-style:normal}body{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;color:#444;font:13px/1.231 sans-serif}::-moz-selection{background:#888;color:#FFF;text-shadow:none}::selection{background:#888;color:#FFF;text-shadow:none}body,select,input,textarea{color:#111}a{text-decoration:none;color:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:100%;vertical-align:baseline;background:transparent}a:focus{outline:0}*{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}html,body,div,span,object,iframe,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,blockquote,pre,abbr,address,cite,code,del,dfn,em,img,ins,kbd,q,samp,small,strong,sub,sup,var,b,i,dl,dt,dd,ol,ul,li,fieldset,form,label,legend,table,caption,tbody,tfoot,thead,tr,th,td,article,aside,canvas,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,menu,nav,section,summary,time,mark,audio,video{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;outline:0;font-size:100%;vertical-align:baseline;background:transparent}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,menu,nav,section{display:block}img{line-height:0;vertical-align:middle}nav ul{list-style:none}blockquote,q{quotes:none}blockquote:before,blockquote:after,q:before,q:after{content:'';content:none}ins{background-color:#ff9;color:#000;text-decoration:none}mark{background-color:#ff9;color:#000;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}del{text-decoration:line-through}abbr[title],dfn[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}hr{display:block;height:1px;border:0;border-top:1px solid #ccc;margin:1em 0;padding:0}input,select{vertical-align:middle}select,input,textarea,button{font:99% sans-serif}pre,code,kbd,samp{font-family:monospace, sans-serif}select,input,textarea{color:#111}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-weight:bold}html{overflow-y:scroll}a:hover,a:active{outline:none}ul,ol{list-style:none}ol{list-style-type:decimal}nav ul,nav li{margin:0}small{font-size:85%}strong,th{font-weight:bold}td,td img{vertical-align:top}sub{vertical-align:sub;font-size:smaller}sup{vertical-align:super;font-size:smaller}textarea{overflow:auto}.ie6 legend,.ie7 legend{margin-left:-7px}input[type="radio"]{vertical-align:text-bottom}input[type="checkbox"]{vertical-align:bottom}.ie7 input[type="checkbox"]{vertical-align:baseline}.ie6 input{vertical-align:text-bottom}label,input[type=button],input[type=submit],button{cursor:pointer}button,input,select,textarea{margin:0}.no-boxshadow input:invalid,.no-boxshadow textarea:invalid{background-color:#f0dddd}button{width:auto;overflow:visible}.ie7 img{-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic}.clearfix:before,.clearfix:after{content:' ';display:block;height:0;visibility:hidden}.clearfix:after{clear:both}.clearfix{zoom:1}.a11y-only{position:absolute;clip:rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)}.loading--sm{height:24px;width:24px;position:relative}.loading--sm .loading__anim{position:absolute;height:24px;width:24px;clip:rect(0, 24px, 24px, 15px);-webkit-animation:animateLoader .5s linear infinite;animation:animateLoader .5s linear infinite}.loading--sm .loading__anim:after{content:'';position:absolute;height:24px;width:24px;clip:rect(0, 24px, 24px, 15px);border-radius:50%;-webkit-box-shadow:inset #000 0 0 0 2px;box-shadow:inset #000 0 0 0 2px;-webkit-animation:animateLoader2 .5s linear infinite;animation:animateLoader2 .5s linear infinite}.article-footer__comments .loading--sm{margin-bottom:20px}.loading--large{height:50px;position:relative;position:absolute;height:50px;width:50px;clip:rect(0, 50px, 50px, 31.25px);-webkit-animation:animateLoader .5s linear infinite;animation:animateLoader .5s linear infinite}.loading--large:after{content:'';position:absolute;height:50px;width:50px;clip:rect(0, 50px, 50px, 31.25px);border-radius:50%;-webkit-box-shadow:inset #000 0 0 0 2px;box-shadow:inset #000 0 0 0 2px;-webkit-animation:animateLoader2 .5s linear infinite;animation:animateLoader2 .5s linear infinite}.loading-more{height:50px;position:relative}.loading-more [class*="loading--"]{position:absolute;bottom:0;color:#666}.loading-more .loading__msg{line-height:50px;margin:0;position:absolute;left:70px;height:50px;right:0;bottom:0;font-size:21px;color:#000;font-weight:600}body.debug-mode details{display:block;font-family:monospace}body.debug-mode details summary{background-color:rgba(255,0,0,0.75);padding:5px 9px;display:block}body.debug-mode details pre{padding:5px 9px;background-color:rgba(255,0,0,0.45);display:block}body.debug-mode details+details{margin-top:1px}body.debug-mode .debug-notice{line-height:1.5em;background-color:rgba(255,0,0,0.65);color:#fff;line-height:normal;font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;z-index:500;width:100%}body.debug-mode .debug-notice td,body.debug-mode .debug-notice th{padding:5px 10px;text-align:left;border:none}body.debug-mode .debug-notice th{font-weight:bold;padding-right:20px}body.debug-mode [data-widget-layout] .debug-notice,body.debug-mode [data-widget-type] .debug-notice,body.debug-mode [data-topper-type] .debug-notice{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0}body.debug-mode [data-widget-layout],body.debug-mode [data-widget-type],body.debug-mode [data-topper-type],body.debug-mode [data-adunit]{border:2px solid rgba(255,0,0,0.65);position:relative;background-color:rgba(255,0,0,0.25)}body.debug-mode [data-widget-layout][style],body.debug-mode [data-widget-type][style],body.debug-mode [data-topper-type][style],body.debug-mode [data-adunit][style]{border:2px solid rgba(255,0,0,0.65) !important}@media (max-width: 749px){body.js-mobile-nav-is-open{background:#000}}.site-content{background-color:#fff;overflow:hidden}@media (max-width: 749px){.site-content{-webkit-transition:all .2s ease;transition:all .2s ease}.js-mobile-nav-is-open .site-content{opacity:0.2}.js-mobile-nav-is-open .site-content *{cursor:default}}.navbar{background-color:#fff;z-index:4;text-align:center;padding:0 15px;position:relative;top:0;left:0;right:0}.navbar:after{content:" ";display:table;clear:both}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar{position:relative;padding:0 30px}}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar__width{margin:0 auto;max-width:1180px;position:relative;height:130px;display:inline-block;width:100%;text-align:left;padding-top:23px;padding-bottom:20px}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.navbar__width{padding-top:20px}}@media (min-width: 750px){.homepage .navbar{padding:0 20px}}@media (min-width: 1250px){.homepage .navbar{padding:0 60px}}.homepage .navbar__width{max-width:1380px}.navbar__logo-mod{height:50px;width:100px;background-repeat:no-repeat;display:block;float:left;margin:10px 0;position:relative;z-index:4}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar__logo-mod{margin:15px;height:90px;width:175px;margin:0}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.navbar__logo-mod{width:184px}}.navbar__logo{width:100%}.navbar__mobile-menu{border:0;background-color:transparent;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;border-radius:0;-webkit-appearance:none;font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;width:85px;height:73px}.navbar__mobile-menu:focus{outline:0}@media (max-width: 749px){.js-mobile-nav-is-open .navbar__mobile-menu{display:block}}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar__mobile-menu{display:none}}.navbar__navigation{text-align:right;position:absolute;top:100%;right:0;left:0;max-height:calc(100vh - 75px)}.navbar__navigation.navbar__navigation--no-tertiary{margin-right:0}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar__navigation{background:#fff;overflow:visible;display:block;width:auto;position:static;margin-right:115px;margin-left:175px}.navbar__navigation.navbar__navigation--no-tertiary{margin-right:0}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.navbar__navigation{margin-right:160px;margin-left:200px}.navbar__navigation.navbar__navigation--no-tertiary{margin-right:0}}.navbar__item--primary,.navbar__item--secondary{display:list-item;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:1}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar__item--primary,.navbar__item--secondary{display:inline-block;text-align:inherit;border-bottom:0;font-size:14px}.js-mobile-nav-is-open .navbar__item--primary,.js-mobile-nav-is-open .navbar__item--secondary{background-color:black}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.navbar__item--primary,.navbar__item--secondary{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:16px;margin:0 15px}}@media (max-width: 749px){.navbar--primary,.navbar--secondary,.navbar--tertiary{display:none;width:100%;opacity:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .1s ease-out;transition:opacity .1s ease-out}.js-mobile-nav-is-open .navbar--primary,.js-mobile-nav-is-open .navbar--secondary,.js-mobile-nav-is-open .navbar--tertiary{display:block;opacity:1}}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar--primary,.navbar--secondary,.navbar--tertiary{display:block}}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar__item--primary.navbar__item--phone,.navbar__item--secondary.navbar__item--phone,.navbar__item--tertiary.navbar__item--phone,.navbar__item--search.navbar__item--phone{display:none}}.navbar--search{background-color:white;padding:0 15px}.navbar--secondary{z-index:2}.navbar--secondary .dropdown-nav__dropdown{border:none !important;margin-left:-8px;text-align:left;width:140px}.navbar--secondary .dropdown-nav__dropdown__list{padding-bottom:12px}.navbar--secondary .dropdown-nav__dropdown__item{padding:0}.navbar--secondary .dropdown-nav__dropdown__item+.dropdown-nav__dropdown__item{border:none;margin-top:5px}.navbar--secondary .search-form .dropdown-nav__item:hover{color:#fff}.js-search-is-open .navbar--secondary{display:block}.navbar--secondary .navbar__item--secondary{display:none}.js-dropdown-nav-item-is-open .navbar--secondary .navbar__item--secondary,.dropdown-nav__item:hover .navbar--secondary .navbar__item--secondary{display:list-item}@media (min-width: 750px){.js-dropdown-nav-item-is-open .navbar--secondary .navbar__item--secondary,.dropdown-nav__item:hover .navbar--secondary .navbar__item--secondary{display:inline-block}}.navbar--secondary .navbar__item--secondary.navbar__item--search{display:list-item}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar--secondary .navbar__item--secondary.navbar__item--search{display:inline-block;float:right}}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar--secondary .navbar__item--secondary{display:inline-block}}.navbar--primary{margin:0;padding:1px 15px;background-color:#000;color:white;z-index:1}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar--primary{background-color:#fff;position:relative;margin:56px -15px 0 0;font-weight:600}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.navbar--primary{margin-top:60px}}@media (max-width: 749px){.js-search-is-open .navbar--primary{margin-top:130px}}.navbar--secondary{padding:0 15px;background-color:#fff;float:right;z-index:4}@media (max-width: 749px){.navbar--secondary{display:none !important}}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar--secondary{display:block;padding:0;background-color:transparent;position:absolute;top:10px;right:115px;left:155px}.navbar__navigation--no-tertiary .navbar--secondary{right:0}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.navbar--secondary{position:absolute;top:10px;right:160px;left:200px}.navbar__navigation--no-tertiary .navbar--secondary{right:0}}.navbar--tertiary{margin:0;padding:16px;background-color:#fff;z-index:4}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar--tertiary{width:100px;position:absolute;top:20px;right:0;padding:0}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.navbar--tertiary{width:140px;padding:0}}.navbar--tertiary .btn{display:block;margin:0;height:90px;padding:0;border-color:#F90E1E;color:#F90E1E;font-weight:bold;font-size:16px}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar--tertiary .btn{font-size:13px}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.navbar--tertiary .btn{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:16px}}.navbar--tertiary .btn::before{content:none}.navbar--tertiary .btn:hover{background-color:#F90E1E;border-color:#F90E1E;color:#fff}.navbar--tertiary .btn:active,.navbar--tertiary .btn:focus{background-color:#000;border-color:#000;color:#fff}.navbar--tertiary .btn .txt{position:absolute;bottom:0;margin:10px}.navbar--tertiary .btn .btn--primary__icon{width:11px;height:11px;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/angle-arrow--red.svg");position:absolute;top:9px;right:9px}.navbar--tertiary .btn:hover .btn--primary__icon{background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/angle-arrow--white.svg")}.navbar__item--primary{padding:0;margin:0;background-color:#000;border-bottom:1px solid #666}.navbar__item--primary:last-child{border-bottom:0}.navbar__item--primary.js-navbar-item-is-open{border-bottom:0}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar__item--primary{background-color:transparent;position:relative;margin:0;border-bottom:0}}.navbar__item--secondary{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-weight:400;background-color:transparent}.navbar__item--secondary:last-child{margin-bottom:0}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar__item--secondary{border-bottom:0;margin:0}}.navbar__item--secondary--login{padding:12px 15px}@media (max-width: 749px){.navbar__item--secondary--login{border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.3)}}.navbar__item__link--expandable{cursor:default;position:relative}@media (max-width: 749px){.navbar__item__link--expandable__plus{position:absolute;width:10px;height:10px;position:absolute;right:8px;top:16px;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/plus--white.svg");background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-transition:all .2s ease;transition:all .2s ease}.js-navbar-item-is-open .navbar__item__link--expandable__plus{-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg)}}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar__item__link--expandable__plus{display:none}}.navbar__item__link,.navbar__item__link--expandable{cursor:pointer;padding:14px 0 13px 3px;line-height:1;text-decoration:none;background-color:#000;display:block}.navbar__item__link:active,.navbar__item__link:focus,.navbar__item__link--expandable:active,.navbar__item__link--expandable:focus{outline:0}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar__item__link,.navbar__item__link--expandable{padding:12px;z-index:1}.navbar__item--primary.js-navbar-item-is-open .navbar__item__link,.navbar__item--primary:hover .navbar__item__link,.navbar__item--primary.js-navbar-item-is-open .navbar__item__link--expandable,.navbar__item--primary:hover .navbar__item__link--expandable{background-color:#000;color:#ffffff}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.navbar__item__link,.navbar__item__link--expandable{padding:12px 15px}}.navbar__item__link--primary{background-color:#000;color:#fff}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar__item__link--primary{position:relative;color:#000;background-color:transparent;padding:15px 10px}}.navbar__item__link--secondary{background-color:#ffffff;color:#000;padding:0px;display:inline-block}.navbar__item__link--secondary:hover{text-decoration:underline}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar__item__link--secondary{background-color:transparent;color:#000}}.footer--main,.site-content{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .1s ease-out;transition:-webkit-transform .1s ease-out;transition:transform .1s ease-out;transition:transform .1s ease-out, -webkit-transform .1s ease-out}.navbar__item--expandable .navbar__dropdown{max-height:0;-webkit-transition:max-height .1s ease-in;transition:max-height .1s ease-in}@media (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 749px){.navbar__item--expandable.js-navbar-item-is-open .navbar__dropdown{max-height:2000px;-webkit-transition:max-height .1s ease-out;transition:max-height .1s ease-out}}@media (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 749px){.navbar__item--primary.js-navbar-item-is-open .navbar__dropdown{border-top:solid #ffffff 2px;border-bottom:solid #ffffff 2px}}@media (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 749px){.navbar__item--primary:last-child.js-navbar-item-is-open .navbar__dropdown{border-bottom:0}}.navbar__dropdown{overflow:hidden}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar__dropdown{width:182px;text-align:left;background-color:#000;color:#ffffff;list-style:none;padding:9px 0;border-top:3px solid #fff;display:none}.navbar__item--primary .navbar__dropdown.js-navbar-item-is-open,.navbar__item--primary:hover .navbar__dropdown{display:block;max-height:2000px;-webkit-transition:max-height .1s ease-out;transition:max-height .1s ease-out}.navbar__item--primary .navbar__dropdown{position:absolute;top:100%;left:0}.navbar__item--primary:nth-child(4) .navbar__dropdown,.navbar__item--primary:nth-child(5) .navbar__dropdown{position:absolute;top:100%;right:0;left:auto}}.navbar__dropdown__item-link{display:block;padding:14px 0 13px 3px;color:#ffffff;font-weight:400}@media (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 749px){.navbar__dropdown__item-link{border-bottom:1px solid #666}}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar__dropdown__item-link{font-weight:600;padding:6px 10px}.navbar__dropdown__item-link:hover{text-decoration:underline}}@media (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 749px){.navbar__dropdown__item:first-child .navbar__dropdown__item-link{border-top:none}}@media (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 749px){.navbar__dropdown__item:last-child .navbar__dropdown__item-link{border-bottom:none;margin-bottom:-2px}}.account-nav{display:inline-block}.account-nav:after{content:" ";display:table;clear:both}.account-nav__item{float:left;padding:6px 10px 5px;margin:0 5px;cursor:pointer;line-height:normal;overflow:hidden}.account-nav__item.js-account-nav-item-is-open{background-color:black;color:white}.account-nav__label{font-size:15px;display:block;line-height:normal}.account-nav__dropdown{-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;-webkit-perspective:1000;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0, 0, 0);width:220px;position:absolute;margin:5px 0 0 -10px;opacity:0;z-index:-1;-webkit-transition:all .1s ease-out;transition:all .1s ease-out;max-height:0;overflow:hidden}.js-account-nav-item-is-open .account-nav__dropdown{opacity:1;max-height:1000px}.account-nav__dropdown__list{padding:12px 10px 1px;background-color:#000}@media (max-width: 749px){.js-navbar-item-is-open .navbar__item__link{border-bottom:1px solid #666}}.navbar__item--primary--account .navbar__dropdown{display:none}@media (max-width: 749px){.navbar__item--primary--account .navbar__dropdown{display:block;max-height:0;-webkit-transition:max-height .1s ease-out;transition:max-height .1s ease-out}.navbar__item--primary--account .navbar__dropdown.js-navbar-item-is-open{max-height:2000px}}.navbar--secondary .dropdown-nav__item{float:none;padding:11px 8px 9px;margin:0}.navbar--secondary .dropdown-nav__item .search-icon{background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/mag-small.svg")}.js-search-is-open .navbar--secondary .dropdown-nav__item .search-icon{background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/x-small.svg");background-size:90%}.search-icon{height:14px;width:12px;fill:currentColor;stroke:currentColor;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin-left:5px;background-position:50% 50%;background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat}.navbar__item--search{color:#000 !important;background-color:#fff !important}.navbar__desktop-search{display:none}@media (min-width: 750px){.navbar__desktop-search{cursor:pointer;font-size:1em;border:0;display:block;text-align:right}}.navbar__desktop-search--icon{width:12px;height:14px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:bottom;position:relative;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/mag-small.svg");background-position:50% 50%;background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat}.js-search-is-open .navbar__desktop-search--icon{background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/x-small.svg");background-size:90%}@media (min-width: 1024px){.navbar__desktop-search--icon{height:16px}}.navbar__desktop-search--text{margin-right:3px}@-webkit-keyframes fade-in{0%{opacity:0}100%{opacity:1}}@keyframes fade-in{0%{opacity:0}100%{opacity:1}}.feed-tz__mod--noresults{opacity:1 !important;border-bottom:none !important}.navbar__mobile-search{display:none;position:relative;padding-right:90px}.js-mobile-nav-is-open .navbar__mobile-search{display:block}.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search{padding:0 15px;height:120px;background-color:#000;display:block;text-align:center;position:absolute;top:10px;left:50%;width:100vw;-webkit-transform-origin:50% 0;transform-origin:50% 0;margin-left:-50vw}.article-page .js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search{top:119px}.js-search-is-open .js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search{display:block;-webkit-animation-name:fade-in;animation-name:fade-in;-webkit-animation-duration:.2s;animation-duration:.2s;-webkit-animation-fill-mode:forwards;animation-fill-mode:forwards}@media (min-width: 550px){.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search{padding:0 30px}}@media (min-width: 750px){.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search{height:200px;position:absolute;top:130px;left:50%}}.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search.leaderboard-exists{position:absolute;top:124px;left:50%}@media (min-width: 750px){.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search.leaderboard-exists{height:200px;position:absolute;top:260px;left:50%}}.navbar__mobile-search__close{display:none}.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search__close{border:0;background-color:transparent;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;border-radius:0;-webkit-appearance:none;display:block;position:absolute;top:20px;right:20px;width:20px;height:20px;background:#fff;border-radius:50%}.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search__close:focus{outline:0}.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search__close:after,.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search__close:before{width:2px;background:#000;-webkit-transform-origin:center center;transform-origin:center center;content:" ";display:block;position:absolute;top:21%;right:50%;bottom:20%;margin-right:-1px}.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search__close:before{-webkit-transform:rotate(-45deg);transform:rotate(-45deg)}.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search__close:after{-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg)}.js-search-prevent-close .navbar__mobile-search__close{display:none}.navbar__mobile-search__input{border:0;background-color:transparent;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;border-radius:0;-webkit-appearance:none;width:100%;padding:14px 0 13px 3px;font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400}.navbar__mobile-search__input:focus{outline:0}.navbar__mobile-search__input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#000}.navbar__mobile-search__input:-moz-placeholder{color:#000}.navbar__mobile-search__input:hover::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#222}.navbar__mobile-search__input:hover:-moz-placeholder{color:#222}.navbar__mobile-search__input:focus::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#999}.navbar__mobile-search__input:focus:-moz-placeholder{color:#999}.navbar__mobile-search__input:focus{outline:0}.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search__input{max-width:1180px;margin:20px auto 0;background-color:#000;padding:20px 35px 0 0;border:0;border-bottom:solid #ffffff 1px;font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:25px;font-weight:300;letter-spacing:1px;color:#ffffff;-webkit-transition-delay:.1s;transition-delay:.1s}.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search__input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#fff}.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search__input:-moz-placeholder{color:#fff}.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search__input:hover::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#ddd}.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search__input:hover:-moz-placeholder{color:#ddd}.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search__input:focus::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#999}.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search__input:focus:-moz-placeholder{color:#999}.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search__input:focus,.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search__input:active{outline:none}@media (min-width: 750px){.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search__input{margin:45px auto 0;padding:20px 60px 0 0;font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:55px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;font-weight:300}}.navbar__mobile-search__input ::-moz-selection{background:rgba(255,255,255,0.8);color:#000;text-shadow:none}.navbar__mobile-search__input ::selection{background:rgba(255,255,255,0.8);color:#000;text-shadow:none}.navbar__mobile-search__button{border:0;background-color:transparent;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;border-radius:0;-webkit-appearance:none;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;width:45px;background-size:16px;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/mag-small.svg")}.navbar__mobile-search__button:focus{outline:0}.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search__button{height:20px;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/mag-big--white.svg");background-size:contain;right:10px;top:45px}@media (min-width: 550px){.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search__button{right:25px}}@media (min-width: 750px){.js-search-is-open .navbar__mobile-search__button{height:45px;right:40px;top:70px}}@media (min-width: 1250px){.navbar__mobile-search__button{right:auto;left:50%;margin-left:540px}}.swiper-container{margin:0 auto;position:relative;overflow:hidden;z-index:1}.swiper-container-no-flexbox .swiper-slide{float:left}.swiper-container-vertical>.swiper-wrapper{-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column}.swiper-wrapper{position:relative;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:1;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-transition-property:-webkit-transform;transition-property:-webkit-transform;transition-property:transform;transition-property:transform, -webkit-transform;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box}.swiper-container-android .swiper-slide,.swiper-wrapper{-webkit-transform:translate3d(0px, 0, 0);transform:translate3d(0px, 0, 0)}.swiper-container-multirow>.swiper-wrapper{-webkit-box-lines:multiple;-moz-box-lines:multiple;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap}.swiper-container-free-mode>.swiper-wrapper{-webkit-transition-timing-function:ease-out;transition-timing-function:ease-out;margin:0 auto}.swiper-slide{-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;width:100%;height:100%;position:relative}.swiper-container-autoheight,.swiper-container-autoheight .swiper-slide{height:auto}.swiper-container-autoheight .swiper-wrapper{-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:flex-start;-webkit-transition-property:-webkit-transform, height;-webkit-transition-property:height, -webkit-transform;transition-property:height, -webkit-transform;transition-property:transform, height;transition-property:transform, height, -webkit-transform}.swiper-container .swiper-notification{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;pointer-events:none;opacity:0;z-index:-1000}.swiper-wp8-horizontal{-ms-touch-action:pan-y;touch-action:pan-y}.swiper-wp8-vertical{-ms-touch-action:pan-x;touch-action:pan-x}.swiper-button-prev,.swiper-button-next{position:absolute;top:50%;width:27px;height:44px;margin-top:-22px;z-index:10;cursor:pointer;background-size:27px 44px;background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat}.swiper-button-prev.swiper-button-disabled,.swiper-button-next.swiper-button-disabled{opacity:0.35;cursor:auto;pointer-events:none}.swiper-button-prev,.swiper-container-rtl .swiper-button-next{left:10px;right:auto}.swiper-button-next,.swiper-container-rtl .swiper-button-prev{right:10px;left:auto}.swiper-pagination{position:absolute;text-align:center;-webkit-transition:300ms;transition:300ms;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0, 0, 0);transform:translate3d(0, 0, 0);z-index:10}.swiper-pagination.swiper-pagination-hidden{opacity:0}.swiper-pagination-fraction,.swiper-pagination-custom,.swiper-container-horizontal>.swiper-pagination-bullets{bottom:10px;left:0;width:100%}.swiper-pagination-bullet{width:8px;height:8px;display:inline-block;border-radius:100%;background:#000;opacity:0.2}button.swiper-pagination-bullet{border:none;margin:0;padding:0;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;-moz-appearance:none;-ms-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none}.swiper-pagination-clickable .swiper-pagination-bullet{cursor:pointer}.swiper-pagination-white .swiper-pagination-bullet{background:#fff}.swiper-pagination-bullet-active{opacity:1;background:#007aff}.swiper-pagination-white .swiper-pagination-bullet-active{background:#fff}.swiper-pagination-black .swiper-pagination-bullet-active{background:#000}.swiper-container-vertical>.swiper-pagination-bullets{right:10px;top:50%;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0px, -50%, 0);transform:translate3d(0px, -50%, 0)}.swiper-container-vertical>.swiper-pagination-bullets .swiper-pagination-bullet{margin:5px 0;display:block}.swiper-container-horizontal>.swiper-pagination-bullets .swiper-pagination-bullet{margin:0 5px}.swiper-pagination-progress{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.25);position:absolute}.swiper-pagination-progress .swiper-pagination-progressbar{background:#007aff;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;-webkit-transform:scale(0);transform:scale(0);-webkit-transform-origin:left top;transform-origin:left top}.swiper-container-rtl .swiper-pagination-progress .swiper-pagination-progressbar{-webkit-transform-origin:right top;transform-origin:right top}.swiper-container-horizontal>.swiper-pagination-progress{width:100%;height:4px;left:0;top:0}.swiper-container-vertical>.swiper-pagination-progress{width:4px;height:100%;left:0;top:0}.swiper-pagination-progress.swiper-pagination-white{background:rgba(255,255,255,0.5)}.swiper-pagination-progress.swiper-pagination-white .swiper-pagination-progressbar{background:#fff}.swiper-pagination-progress.swiper-pagination-black .swiper-pagination-progressbar{background:#000}.swiper-container-3d{-webkit-perspective:1200px;-o-perspective:1200px;perspective:1200px}.swiper-container-3d .swiper-wrapper,.swiper-container-3d .swiper-slide,.swiper-container-3d .swiper-slide-shadow-left,.swiper-container-3d .swiper-slide-shadow-right,.swiper-container-3d .swiper-slide-shadow-top,.swiper-container-3d .swiper-slide-shadow-bottom,.swiper-container-3d .swiper-cube-shadow{-webkit-transform-style:preserve-3d;transform-style:preserve-3d}.swiper-container-3d .swiper-slide-shadow-left,.swiper-container-3d .swiper-slide-shadow-right,.swiper-container-3d .swiper-slide-shadow-top,.swiper-container-3d .swiper-slide-shadow-bottom{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;pointer-events:none;z-index:10}.swiper-container-3d .swiper-slide-shadow-left{background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear, right top, left top, from(rgba(0,0,0,0.5)), to(rgba(0,0,0,0)));background-image:linear-gradient(to left, rgba(0,0,0,0.5), rgba(0,0,0,0))}.swiper-container-3d .swiper-slide-shadow-right{background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(rgba(0,0,0,0.5)), to(rgba(0,0,0,0)));background-image:linear-gradient(to right, rgba(0,0,0,0.5), rgba(0,0,0,0))}.swiper-container-3d .swiper-slide-shadow-top{background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear, left bottom, left top, from(rgba(0,0,0,0.5)), to(rgba(0,0,0,0)));background-image:linear-gradient(to top, rgba(0,0,0,0.5), rgba(0,0,0,0))}.swiper-container-3d .swiper-slide-shadow-bottom{background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(0,0,0,0.5)), to(rgba(0,0,0,0)));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0,0,0,0.5), rgba(0,0,0,0))}.swiper-container-coverflow .swiper-wrapper,.swiper-container-flip .swiper-wrapper{-ms-perspective:1200px}.swiper-container-cube,.swiper-container-flip{overflow:visible}.swiper-container-cube .swiper-slide,.swiper-container-flip .swiper-slide{pointer-events:none;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;backface-visibility:hidden;z-index:1}.swiper-container-cube .swiper-slide .swiper-slide,.swiper-container-flip .swiper-slide .swiper-slide{pointer-events:none}.swiper-container-cube .swiper-slide-active,.swiper-container-flip .swiper-slide-active,.swiper-container-cube .swiper-slide-active .swiper-slide-active,.swiper-container-flip .swiper-slide-active .swiper-slide-active{pointer-events:auto}.swiper-container-cube .swiper-slide-shadow-top,.swiper-container-flip .swiper-slide-shadow-top,.swiper-container-cube .swiper-slide-shadow-bottom,.swiper-container-flip .swiper-slide-shadow-bottom,.swiper-container-cube .swiper-slide-shadow-left,.swiper-container-flip .swiper-slide-shadow-left,.swiper-container-cube .swiper-slide-shadow-right,.swiper-container-flip .swiper-slide-shadow-right{z-index:0;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;backface-visibility:hidden}.swiper-container-cube .swiper-slide{visibility:hidden;-webkit-transform-origin:0 0;transform-origin:0 0;width:100%;height:100%}.swiper-container-cube.swiper-container-rtl .swiper-slide{-webkit-transform-origin:100% 0;transform-origin:100% 0}.swiper-container-cube .swiper-slide-active,.swiper-container-cube .swiper-slide-next,.swiper-container-cube .swiper-slide-prev,.swiper-container-cube .swiper-slide-next+.swiper-slide{pointer-events:auto;visibility:visible}.swiper-container-cube .swiper-cube-shadow{position:absolute;left:0;bottom:0px;width:100%;height:100%;background:#000;opacity:0.6;-webkit-filter:blur(50px);filter:blur(50px);z-index:0}.swiper-container-fade.swiper-container-free-mode .swiper-slide{-webkit-transition-timing-function:ease-out;transition-timing-function:ease-out}.swiper-container-fade .swiper-slide{pointer-events:none;-webkit-transition-property:opacity;transition-property:opacity}.swiper-container-fade .swiper-slide .swiper-slide{pointer-events:none}.swiper-container-fade .swiper-slide-active,.swiper-container-fade .swiper-slide-active .swiper-slide-active{pointer-events:auto}.swiper-scrollbar{border-radius:10px;position:relative;-ms-touch-action:none;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.swiper-container-horizontal>.swiper-scrollbar{position:absolute;left:1%;bottom:3px;z-index:50;height:5px;width:98%}.swiper-container-vertical>.swiper-scrollbar{position:absolute;right:3px;top:1%;z-index:50;width:5px;height:98%}.swiper-scrollbar-drag{height:100%;width:100%;position:relative;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.5);border-radius:10px;left:0;top:0}.swiper-scrollbar-cursor-drag{cursor:move}.swiper-lazy-preloader{width:42px;height:42px;position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;margin-left:-21px;margin-top:-21px;z-index:10;-webkit-transform-origin:50%;transform-origin:50%;-webkit-animation:swiper-preloader-spin 1s steps(12, end) infinite;animation:swiper-preloader-spin 1s steps(12, end) infinite}.swiper-lazy-preloader:after{display:block;content:"";width:100%;height:100%;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D'0%200%20120%20120'%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20xmlns%3Axlink%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1999%2Fxlink'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cline%20id%3D'l'%20x1%3D'60'%20x2%3D'60'%20y1%3D'7'%20y2%3D'27'%20stroke%3D'%236c6c6c'%20stroke-width%3D'11'%20stroke-linecap%3D'round'%2F%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.27'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.27'%20transform%3D'rotate(30%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.27'%20transform%3D'rotate(60%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.27'%20transform%3D'rotate(90%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.27'%20transform%3D'rotate(120%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.27'%20transform%3D'rotate(150%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.37'%20transform%3D'rotate(180%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.46'%20transform%3D'rotate(210%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.56'%20transform%3D'rotate(240%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.66'%20transform%3D'rotate(270%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.75'%20transform%3D'rotate(300%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.85'%20transform%3D'rotate(330%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");background-position:50%;background-size:100%;background-repeat:no-repeat}.swiper-lazy-preloader-white:after{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D'0%200%20120%20120'%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20xmlns%3Axlink%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1999%2Fxlink'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cline%20id%3D'l'%20x1%3D'60'%20x2%3D'60'%20y1%3D'7'%20y2%3D'27'%20stroke%3D'%23fff'%20stroke-width%3D'11'%20stroke-linecap%3D'round'%2F%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.27'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.27'%20transform%3D'rotate(30%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.27'%20transform%3D'rotate(60%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.27'%20transform%3D'rotate(90%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.27'%20transform%3D'rotate(120%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.27'%20transform%3D'rotate(150%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.37'%20transform%3D'rotate(180%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.46'%20transform%3D'rotate(210%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.56'%20transform%3D'rotate(240%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.66'%20transform%3D'rotate(270%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.75'%20transform%3D'rotate(300%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3Cuse%20xlink%3Ahref%3D'%23l'%20opacity%3D'.85'%20transform%3D'rotate(330%2060%2C60)'%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E")}@-webkit-keyframes swiper-preloader-spin{100%{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg)}}@keyframes swiper-preloader-spin{100%{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg)}}@media (max-width: 750px){.js-reading-list-is-compact .ad--leaderboard{display:none !important}}.reading-list{display:block;position:fixed;top:0;-webkit-transition:all .5s ease;transition:all .5s ease;width:100%;z-index:3}@media (min-width: 750px){.reading-list{-webkit-transform:translateY(-100%);transform:translateY(-100%)}.js-reading-list-is-active .reading-list{-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0)}}.reading-list-width{max-width:1180px;margin:0 auto;position:relative}.reading-list-width:after{content:" ";display:table;clear:both}.reading-list__top{background-color:#fff;position:relative;z-index:2;padding:0 15px}@media (min-width: 750px){.reading-list__top{padding:0 30px}}@-webkit-keyframes current-article-in{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateX(-15px);transform:translateX(-15px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateX(0);transform:translateX(0)}}@keyframes current-article-in{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateX(-15px);transform:translateX(-15px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateX(0);transform:translateX(0)}}@-webkit-keyframes current-article-out{0%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateX(0);transform:translateX(0)}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateX(15px);transform:translateX(15px)}}@keyframes current-article-out{0%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateX(0);transform:translateX(0)}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateX(15px);transform:translateX(15px)}}@-webkit-keyframes article-count-in{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateX(15px);transform:translateX(15px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateX(0);transform:translateX(0)}}@keyframes article-count-in{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateX(15px);transform:translateX(15px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateX(0);transform:translateX(0)}}.reading-list__up-next{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:300;padding:10px 0;margin-right:60px;position:relative;padding-right:25px;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden}@media (min-width: 750px){.reading-list__up-next{padding:0}}.reading-list__dropdown{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:300;padding:10px 0;position:relative;padding-right:25px;white-space:nowrap}@media (min-width: 750px){.reading-list__dropdown{padding:0;display:block}}.reading-list__collection{font-weight:600;display:block;margin-bottom:1px;line-height:normal}@media (min-width: 750px){.reading-list__collection{margin:5px 0;float:left}}.reading-list__collection-title{text-transform:capitalize}.reading-list__category{display:none}@media (min-width: 750px){.reading-list__category{float:left;line-height:normal;display:block;margin:5px 0 5px 10px;font-weight:600}.reading-list__category i{font-size:12px;line-height:normal;color:rgba(0,0,0,0.5);margin-right:7px}}.reading-list__current{display:block;margin:5px 0 5px 10px}@media (max-width: 749px){.reading-list__current{text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;margin:5px 0 0}}@media (min-width: 750px){.reading-list__current{display:none;float:left;opacity:0;padding-left:7px;-webkit-animation-name:current-article-in;animation-name:current-article-in;-webkit-animation-timing-function:ease-out;animation-timing-function:ease-out;-webkit-animation-duration:.2s;animation-duration:.2s;-webkit-animation-fill-mode:forwards;animation-fill-mode:forwards}.js-reading-list-is-active .reading-list__current{display:block}.reading-list__current.js-is-changing{opacity:0;-webkit-animation-name:current-article-out;animation-name:current-article-out;-webkit-animation-timing-function:ease-in;animation-timing-function:ease-in}}.reading-list__count{display:none}@media (min-width: 750px){.reading-list__count{display:inline;-webkit-animation-name:article-count-in;animation-name:article-count-in;-webkit-animation-timing-function:ease-out;animation-timing-function:ease-out;-webkit-animation-fill-mode:forwards;animation-fill-mode:forwards;-webkit-animation-duration:.2s;animation-duration:.2s;position:absolute;padding-left:7px}.js-reading-list-is-active .reading-list__count{-webkit-animation-name:current-article-out;animation-name:current-article-out}}.reading-list__mobile-trigger{border:0;background-color:transparent;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;border-radius:0;-webkit-appearance:none;width:14px;height:14px;margin:0 0 -2px 5px;background-color:#000;display:inline-block;-webkit-transition:all .2s ease;transition:all .2s ease;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);border-radius:50%;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/plus--white.svg");background-size:60%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:50% 50%;cursor:pointer}.reading-list__mobile-trigger:focus{outline:0}.js-reading-list-is-active .reading-list__mobile-trigger{-webkit-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0)}@media (min-width: 750px){.reading-list__mobile-trigger{display:none}}.reading-list__menu-trigger{border:0;background-color:transparent;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;border-radius:0;-webkit-appearance:none;float:right;cursor:pointer;font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;padding:0 8px;position:absolute;top:2px;right:-15px;bottom:0;width:60px;text-align:center;z-index:2}.reading-list__menu-trigger:focus{outline:0}@media (min-width: 750px){.reading-list__menu-trigger{right:0}}.navbar{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .5s ease;transition:-webkit-transform .5s ease;transition:transform .5s ease;transition:transform .5s ease, -webkit-transform .5s ease;background:#fff}.article-page .navbar{position:relative}.js-nav-is-fixed .navbar{position:fixed;top:-70px}@media (min-width: 750px){.js-nav-is-fixed .navbar{top:-130px;right:0;left:0;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .5s ease;transition:-webkit-transform .5s ease;transition:transform .5s ease;transition:transform .5s ease, -webkit-transform .5s ease;padding-bottom:0}}@media (min-width: 750px){.js-nav-is-fixed.js-nav-is-open .navbar{-webkit-transform:translateY(100%);transform:translateY(100%);-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .3s ease;transition:-webkit-transform .3s ease;transition:transform .3s ease;transition:transform .3s ease, -webkit-transform .3s ease}}.article-page .site-content{padding-top:0}@media (min-width: 750px){.site-content{padding-top:0}.js-nav-is-fixed.article-page .site-content{padding-top:130px}}.js-reading-list-is-active.js-nav-is-fixed.js-nav-is-open .reading-list{-webkit-transform:translateY(130px);transform:translateY(130px);-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .3s ease;transition:-webkit-transform .3s ease;transition:transform .3s ease;transition:transform .3s ease, -webkit-transform .3s ease}@media (max-width: 749px){.js-nav-is-open .navbar{position:fixed;top:0}.js-nav-is-open .site-content{padding-top:75px}}.reading-list__bottom{background-color:#fff;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .2s ease;transition:-webkit-transform .2s ease;transition:transform .2s ease;transition:transform .2s ease, -webkit-transform .2s ease;padding:0 15px}.reading-list__bottom .reading-list-width{border-top:1px solid #000}@media (min-width: 750px){.reading-list__bottom{padding:0 30px;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .5s ease;transition:-webkit-transform .5s ease;transition:transform .5s ease;transition:transform .5s ease, -webkit-transform .5s ease}}.js-reading-list-is-compact .reading-list__bottom{-webkit-transform:translateY(-100%);transform:translateY(-100%)}.js-reading-list-is-compact .reading-list__bottom .reading-list__progress{-webkit-transform:translateY(100%);transform:translateY(100%)}.reading-list__list-container{position:relative;width:100%}.reading-list__list{padding:0;width:100%;counter-reset:reading-list-counter 0;margin:0 auto}.reading-list__item{width:200px;font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;display:inline-block;height:64px;overflow:hidden;counter-increment:reading-list-counter 1;vertical-align:top;position:relative}@media (min-width: 750px){.reading-list__item{width:295px}}.reading-list__item:hover{opacity:.7}.reading-list__item.js-is-active-item .reading-list__item-title{font-weight:600}.reading-list__item.js-is-active-item:hover{opacity:1}.reading-list__item.js-is-previous-slide:before{color:#777}.reading-list__item.js-is-previous-slide .reading-list__item-link{color:#777}.reading-list--counter .reading-list__item:before{content:counter(reading-list-counter, decimal-leading-zero);font-size:35px;font-weight:200;float:left;margin-top:10px;margin-right:15px;color:#F90E1E;-webkit-transition:all .2s ease;transition:all .2s ease}.reading-list--companies .reading-list__item{width:168.5px}.reading-list--companies .reading-list__item.js-is-active-item .reading-list__item-title,.reading-list--companies .reading-list__item.js-is-active-item .reading-list__item-dek{font-weight:bold}@media (min-width: 750px){.reading-list--companies .reading-list__item{width:168.5px}}.reading-list--companies .reading-list__item:before{content:counter(reading-list-counter, decimal-leading-zero);font-size:35px;font-weight:200;float:left;margin-top:10px;margin-right:15px;color:#F90E1E;-webkit-transition:all .2s ease;transition:all .2s ease}.reading-list--innovators .reading-list__item-link{padding:8px 0;height:auto}.reading-list--innovators .reading-list__item-title,.reading-list--innovators .reading-list__item-dek{position:absolute;right:20px}.reading-list--innovators .reading-list__item-title{left:70px;display:block;font-weight:600;top:7px}.reading-list--innovators .reading-list__item-dek{margin:0;top:25px;left:70px;font-size:13px;height:34px;overflow:hidden}.reading-list__item-img-container-tr10{width:48px;height:48px;overflow:hidden;margin:2px 3px 3px 3px;position:relative;border-radius:50%}.reading-list__item-img-tr10{position:absolute;margin:auto;min-height:100%;min-width:100%;left:-100%;right:-100%;top:-100%;bottom:-100%}.reading-list__item-img{position:absolute;top:8px;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;-webkit-transition:all .2s ease;transition:all .2s ease;border-radius:50%;overflow:hidden;display:block;height:48px;width:48px}.reading-list__item-title{max-height:64px;display:block;overflow:hidden;font-weight:normal}.reading-list__item-link{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;-webkit-transition:all .2s ease;transition:all .2s ease;padding:15px 20px 15px 50px;display:block;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;text-decoration:none;outline:none;overflow:hidden;height:3.6em}.reading-list__progress{display:none}.no-touch .reading-list__progress{display:block;border-top:solid #000 3px;width:0;max-width:100%}.js-nav-is-open .reading-list__progress{width:100% !important}.swiper-button-prev,.swiper-button-next{top:0;height:auto;margin-top:0;bottom:0;background-color:white}.swiper-button-prev:before,.swiper-button-next:before{position:absolute;top:50%;margin:-15px 0 0 0}.swiper-button-prev.swiper-button-disabled,.swiper-button-next.swiper-button-disabled{opacity:0}.swiper-button-prev{display:none;left:0;opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateX(-10px);transform:translateX(-10px);-webkit-transition:all .2s ease;transition:all .2s ease}.swiper-button-prev:before{display:inline-block;font-family:"Ionicons";speak:none;font-size:24px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;text-rendering:auto;line-height:1;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;content:"\F3D2";font-size:30px;left:0}.swiper-button-prev:after{content:" ";display:block;position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:100%;width:50px;background:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(#fff), to(rgba(255,255,255,0)));background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fff, rgba(255,255,255,0))}@media (min-width: 750px){.swiper-button-prev{display:block}}.reading-list:hover .swiper-button-prev:not(.swiper-button-disabled){opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateX(0);transform:translateX(0)}.swiper-button-next{right:0}.swiper-button-next:before{display:inline-block;font-family:"Ionicons";speak:none;font-size:24px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;text-rendering:auto;line-height:1;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;content:"\F3D3";right:0;font-size:30px}.swiper-button-next:after{content:" ";display:block;position:absolute;top:0;right:100%;bottom:0;width:50px;background:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(rgba(255,255,255,0)), to(#fff));background:linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,0), #fff)}.footer{text-align:left;width:100%;background-color:#fff;position:relative;padding-top:20px}@media (min-width: 550px){.footer{padding-top:30px}}body.homepage .footer{padding-top:0}.footer__wrapper{background-color:black;color:#ffffff}.footer-width{max-width:1240px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 10px}.footer-width:after{content:" ";display:table;clear:both}@media (min-width: 550px){.footer-width{padding:0 15px}}@media (min-width: 750px){.footer-width{padding:0 30px}}.footer__social{height:100px;border-top:4px solid #000}@media (min-width: 550px){.footer__social{float:left;width:25%;padding-right:20px}}@media (min-width: 1250px){.footer__social{width:16.66667%}}.footer__social-icons{float:left;margin-top:20px}.footer__social__text{position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:auto;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden}.footer__social--twitter,.footer__social--facebook,.footer__social--rss{width:27px;height:22px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:80%;display:inline-block}.footer__social--twitter{background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/social-icon--twitter.svg");vertical-align:bottom}.footer__social--facebook{background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/social-icon--facebook.svg");vertical-align:baseline}.footer__social--rss{background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/social-icon--rss.svg");vertical-align:baseline}.footer__newsletter-form{border-top:4px solid #000}.footer__newsletter-form input:-webkit-autofill{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0px 1000px white inset !important;-webkit-text-fill-color:black !important}@media (min-width: 550px){.footer__newsletter-form{width:75%;float:right}}@media (min-width: 1250px){.footer__newsletter-form{width:83.33333%}}.footer__newsletter-form-inputs{position:relative}.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form{position:relative}.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form .hs_email{width:calc(100% - 100px);border-bottom:1px solid #000}@media (min-width: 550px){.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form .hs_email{width:calc(100% - 130px)}}.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form .hs_email>label{display:none}.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form .hs_email .hs-input{width:100%;font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:300;padding:13px 0;display:block;border:0;background-color:transparent}.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form .hs_email .hs-input:focus{outline:0;margin-right:100px}.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form .hs_email .hs-input:invalid{-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none}@media (min-width: 550px){.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form .hs_email .hs-input{padding:17px 0;font-size:30px}}.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form .hs-fieldtype-radio{margin:10px 0;font-size:14px;line-height:1.33}.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form .hs-fieldtype-radio .input,.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form .hs-fieldtype-radio .input ul,.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form .hs-fieldtype-radio .input ul li{display:inline}.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form .hs-fieldtype-radio .hs-form-required{display:none}.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form .hs-fieldtype-radio .input ul li{margin-left:10px;white-space:nowrap}.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form .hs-fieldtype-radio .input ul li input{margin:0 5px 2px 0}.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form .hs-fieldtype-radio .hs-error-msgs{margin-top:10px}.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form .actions{padding:0}.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form input.hs-button{opacity:1 !important;pointer-events:auto !important;text-shadow:none}.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form .hs-error-msgs{color:#f79c31;font-size:16px;margin-bottom:10px}.footer__newsletter-input{width:calc(100% - 100px);font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:300;padding:16px 0;display:block;border:0;background-color:transparent}.footer__newsletter-input:focus{outline:0;margin-right:100px}.footer__newsletter-input:invalid{-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none}@media (min-width: 550px){.footer__newsletter-input{padding:20px 0;width:calc(100% - 130px);font-size:30px}}.footer__newsletter-input__submit,.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form input.hs-button{position:absolute;top:5px;right:0;padding:9px 0 10px 7px;width:90px;border:0;background-color:transparent;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;border-radius:0;-webkit-appearance:none;font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;text-align:left;color:#000;background-color:transparent;border:2px solid #000;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease;transition:background-color 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/angle-arrow.svg");background-size:11px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:70px 5px}.footer__newsletter-input__submit:focus,.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form input.hs-button:focus{outline:0}@media (min-width: 550px){.footer__newsletter-input__submit,.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form input.hs-button{background-position:96px 9px;padding-top:27px;width:120px;font-size:18px}}.footer__newsletter-input__submit:focus,.footer__newsletter-input__submit:active,.footer__newsletter-input__submit:hover,.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form input.hs-button:focus,.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form input.hs-button:active,.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form input.hs-button:hover{background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/angle-arrow--white.svg");background-color:#000;color:#fff}.footer__newsletter-input__submit:disabled,.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form input.hs-button:disabled{opacity:1;color:#666;background-color:#000;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/angle-arrow--gray.svg")}.footer__newsletter-success,.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form .submitted-message{padding:20px 0}@media (min-width: 401px){.footer__newsletter-success,.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form .submitted-message{font-size:18px}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.footer__newsletter-success,.footer__newsletter-form .hbspt-form .submitted-message{font-size:30px}}.footer__newsletter-form-optin{clear:both;border-top:solid black 1px;padding-top:8px;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:14px}.footer__newsletter-form-optin a{text-decoration:underline}.footer__newsletter-form-optin__options{list-style:none;display:inline-block}.footer__newsletter-form-optin__option{margin-left:10px;display:inline}.footer__newsletter-form-optin__radio{margin:0 5px 2px 0}.footer__newsletter-form-error{display:none;color:#f79c31;margin-bottom:10px;-webkit-transition:all 0.2s ease;transition:all 0.2s ease}.footer__newsletter-bar-text{color:#222;font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;margin-top:5px;border-bottom:solid black 1px;display:block;padding-bottom:5px}.footer__newsletter-bar-text__download{margin-right:10px}.footer__header{padding-top:30px}.footer__header:after{content:" ";display:table;clear:both}@media (min-width: 1024px){.footer__header{padding-top:50px}}.footer__icon{display:none}@media (min-width: 1250px){.footer__icon{display:block;float:left;width:16.66667%;height:34px;background-size:contain;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/tr-glyph-v2--white.svg")}}.alert{width:100%;padding:30px 10px 8px;font-weight:700}.alert--success{color:#7a8f43;border:2px solid #7a8f43}.alert--error{color:#f79c31;border:1px solid #f79c31}.footer__intro{margin-bottom:20px;max-width:580px}@media (min-width: 850px){.footer__intro{float:left;width:75%;margin-bottom:0}}@media (min-width: 1250px){.footer__intro{width:60%}}.footer__intro__text{width:100%;line-height:1.35;font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400}@media (min-width: 850px){.footer__intro__text{font-size:18px}}.footer__international-editions{margin-bottom:20px;position:relative;display:block}@media (min-width: 850px){.footer__international-editions{padding-left:20px;width:20%;float:right;margin-bottom:15px}}@media (min-width: 1250px){.footer__international-editions{width:16.66667%}}.footer__international-editions__icon{display:block;width:12px;height:12px;position:absolute;top:10px;right:10px;background-size:contain;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/plus--white.svg")}.footer__international-editions:hover .footer__international-editions__icon{background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/plus.svg")}.footer__international-editions__text{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:700;border:solid #ffffff 1px;line-height:1.25;width:100%;padding:8px 0 8px 11px;-webkit-transition:0.2s ease;transition:0.2s ease}@media (min-width: 850px){.footer__international-editions__text{padding:30px 50px 8px 10px;float:right}}.footer__international-editions:hover .footer__international-editions__text{background-color:#fff;color:#000}.footer__logo-mod{max-width:450px;width:80%;background-repeat:no-repeat;display:block;margin-bottom:10px}@media (min-width: 850px){.footer__logo-mod{margin-bottom:20px}}.footer__logo{width:100%}.footer__subnav{list-style:none}@media (min-width: 850px){.footer__subnav{display:block;margin-top:50px;padding-bottom:50px;margin-left:-20px;overflow:hidden}}@media (min-width: 1250px){.footer__subnav{padding-left:16.66667%}}.footer__subnav__list-title{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:700}@media (min-width: 850px){.footer__subnav__list-title{display:block;float:left;position:relative;width:20%;padding-left:20px;vertical-align:top}}.footer__subnav__list-title-span{border-bottom:solid #ffffff 1px;display:inline-block;width:100%;padding:12px 0 12px 3px;position:relative;font-size:17px}@media (max-width: 849px){.footer__subnav__list-title-span{cursor:pointer}.footer__subnav__list-title-span:after{content:" ";display:block;position:absolute;top:15px;right:3px;bottom:0;width:12px;height:12px;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/plus--white.svg");-webkit-transform-origin:50% 50%;transform-origin:50% 50%;-webkit-transition:all .2s ease;transition:all .2s ease}.js-footer-list-is-visible .footer__subnav__list-title-span:after{-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg)}}@media (min-width: 850px){.footer__subnav__list-title-span{border-bottom:1px solid #666;display:inline-block;width:100%;padding:8px 0 2px 3px;margin-bottom:2px}}.footer__subnav__list{display:none;padding:0}.js-footer-list-is-visible .footer__subnav__list{display:block}@media (min-width: 850px){.footer__subnav__list{padding:5px 0 0;display:block}}.footer__subnav__list-item{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;list-style:none;border-top:1px solid #666}.footer__subnav__list-item:before{content:"-  "}.footer__subnav__list-item:first-child{border-top:0}@media (min-width: 850px){.footer__subnav__list-item{width:100%;list-style:none;margin-bottom:5px;border-top:0;padding:3px 0;margin-left:3px}.footer__subnav__list-item:before{content:""}}.footer__subnav__list-item__link{padding:10px 0 10px 3px;display:inline-block}.footer__subnav__list-item__link:hover{text-decoration:underline}@media (min-width: 850px){.footer__subnav__list-item__link{padding-left:0;display:inline}}.footer-copyright{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;padding-bottom:20px;padding-top:30px}@media (min-width: 850px){.footer-copyright{border-top:1px solid #666;padding-top:10px;font-size:16px}}@media (min-width: 1250px){.footer-copyright{border-top:0;margin-left:16.66667%}}.footer-copyright--main{margin-right:5px}@media (min-width: 550px){.footer-copyright--main{margin-right:20px}}.custom-mit{display:inline-block;background-color:transparent;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center center;background-size:100%}@font-face{font-family:"Ionicons";src:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/ionicons.eot?v=3.0.6");src:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/ionicons.eot?v=3.0.6#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/ionicons.ttf?v=3.0.6") format("truetype"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/ionicons.woff?v=3.0.6") format("woff"),url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/fonts/ionicons.svg?v=3.0.6#Ionicons") format("svg");font-weight:400;font-style:normal}.ion,.ionicons,.ion-alert:before,.ion-alert-circled:before,.ion-android-add:before,.ion-android-add-circle:before,.ion-android-alarm-clock:before,.ion-android-alert:before,.ion-android-apps:before,.ion-android-archive:before,.ion-android-arrow-back:before,.ion-android-arrow-down:before,.ion-android-arrow-dropdown:before,.ion-android-arrow-dropdown-circle:before,.ion-android-arrow-dropleft:before,.ion-android-arrow-dropleft-circle:before,.ion-android-arrow-dropright:before,.ion-android-arrow-dropright-circle:before,.ion-android-arrow-dropup:before,.ion-android-arrow-dropup-circle:before,.ion-android-arrow-forward:before,.ion-android-arrow-up:before,.ion-android-attach:before,.ion-android-bar:before,.ion-android-bicycle:before,.ion-android-boat:before,.ion-android-bookmark:before,.ion-android-bulb:before,.ion-android-bus:before,.ion-android-calendar:before,.ion-android-call:before,.ion-android-camera:before,.ion-android-cancel:before,.ion-android-car:before,.ion-android-cart:before,.ion-android-chat:before,.ion-android-checkbox:before,.ion-android-checkbox-blank:before,.ion-android-checkbox-outline:before,.ion-android-checkbox-outline-blank:before,.ion-android-checkmark-circle:before,.ion-android-clipboard:before,.ion-android-close:before,.ion-android-cloud:before,.ion-android-cloud-circle:before,.ion-android-cloud-done:before,.ion-android-cloud-outline:before,.ion-android-color-palette:before,.ion-android-compass:before,.ion-android-contact:before,.ion-android-contacts:before,.ion-android-contract:before,.ion-android-create:before,.ion-android-delete:before,.ion-android-desktop:before,.ion-android-document:before,.ion-android-done:before,.ion-android-done-all:before,.ion-android-download:before,.ion-android-drafts:before,.ion-android-exit:before,.ion-android-expand:before,.ion-android-favorite:before,.ion-android-favorite-outline:before,.ion-android-film:before,.ion-android-folder:before,.ion-android-folder-open:before,.ion-android-funnel:before,.ion-android-globe:before,.ion-android-hand:before,.ion-android-hangout:before,.ion-android-happy:before,.ion-android-home:before,.ion-android-image:before,.ion-android-laptop:before,.ion-android-list:before,.ion-android-locate:before,.ion-android-lock:before,.ion-android-mail:before,.ion-android-map:before,.ion-android-menu:before,.ion-android-microphone:before,.ion-android-microphone-off:before,.ion-android-more-horizontal:before,.ion-android-more-vertical:before,.ion-android-navigate:before,.ion-android-notifications:before,.ion-android-notifications-none:before,.ion-android-notifications-off:before,.ion-android-open:before,.ion-android-options:before,.ion-android-people:before,.ion-android-person:before,.ion-android-person-add:before,.ion-android-phone-landscape:before,.ion-android-phone-portrait:before,.ion-android-pin:before,.ion-android-plane:before,.ion-android-playstore:before,.ion-android-print:before,.ion-android-radio-button-off:before,.ion-android-radio-button-on:before,.ion-android-refresh:before,.ion-android-remove:before,.ion-android-remove-circle:before,.ion-android-restaurant:before,.ion-android-sad:before,.ion-android-search:before,.ion-android-send:before,.ion-android-settings:before,.ion-android-share:before,.ion-android-share-alt:before,.ion-android-star:before,.ion-android-star-half:before,.ion-android-star-outline:before,.ion-android-stopwatch:before,.ion-android-subway:before,.ion-android-sunny:before,.ion-android-sync:before,.ion-android-textsms:before,.ion-android-time:before,.ion-android-train:before,.ion-android-unlock:before,.ion-android-upload:before,.ion-android-volume-down:before,.ion-android-volume-mute:before,.ion-android-volume-off:before,.ion-android-volume-up:before,.ion-android-walk:before,.ion-android-warning:before,.ion-android-watch:before,.ion-android-wifi:before,.ion-aperture:before,.ion-archive:before,.ion-arrow-down-a:before,.ion-arrow-down-b:before,.ion-arrow-down-c:before,.ion-arrow-expand:before,.ion-arrow-graph-down-left:before,.ion-arrow-graph-down-right:before,.ion-arrow-graph-up-left:before,.ion-arrow-graph-up-right:before,.ion-arrow-left-a:before,.ion-arrow-left-b:before,.ion-arrow-left-c:before,.ion-arrow-move:before,.ion-arrow-resize:before,.ion-arrow-return-left:before,.ion-arrow-return-right:before,.ion-arrow-right-a:before,.ion-arrow-right-b:before,.ion-arrow-right-c:before,.ion-arrow-shrink:before,.ion-arrow-swap:before,.ion-arrow-up-a:before,.ion-arrow-up-b:before,.ion-arrow-up-c:before,.ion-asterisk:before,.ion-at:before,.ion-backspace:before,.ion-backspace-outline:before,.ion-bag:before,.ion-battery-charging:before,.ion-battery-empty:before,.ion-battery-full:before,.ion-battery-half:before,.ion-battery-low:before,.ion-beaker:before,.ion-beer:before,.ion-bluetooth:before,.ion-bonfire:before,.ion-bookmark:before,.ion-bowtie:before,.ion-briefcase:before,.ion-bug:before,.ion-calculator:before,.ion-calendar:before,.ion-camera:before,.ion-card:before,.ion-cash:before,.ion-chatbox:before,.ion-chatbox-working:before,.ion-chatboxes:before,.ion-chatbubble:before,.ion-chatbubble-working:before,.ion-chatbubbles:before,.ion-checkmark:before,.ion-checkmark-circled:before,.ion-checkmark-round:before,.ion-chevron-down:before,.ion-chevron-left:before,.ion-chevron-right:before,.ion-chevron-up:before,.ion-clipboard:before,.ion-clock:before,.ion-close:before,.ion-close-circled:before,.ion-close-round:before,.ion-closed-captioning:before,.ion-cloud:before,.ion-code:before,.ion-code-download:before,.ion-code-working:before,.ion-coffee:before,.ion-compass:before,.ion-compose:before,.ion-connection-bars:before,.ion-contrast:before,.ion-crop:before,.ion-cube:before,.ion-disc:before,.ion-document:before,.ion-document-text:before,.ion-drag:before,.ion-earth:before,.ion-easel:before,.ion-edit:before,.ion-egg:before,.ion-eject:before,.ion-email:before,.ion-email-unread:before,.ion-erlenmeyer-flask:before,.ion-erlenmeyer-flask-bubbles:before,.ion-eye:before,.ion-eye-disabled:before,.ion-female:before,.ion-filing:before,.ion-film-marker:before,.ion-fireball:before,.ion-flag:before,.ion-flame:before,.ion-flash:before,.ion-flash-off:before,.ion-folder:before,.ion-fork:before,.ion-fork-repo:before,.ion-forward:before,.ion-funnel:before,.ion-gear-a:before,.ion-gear-b:before,.ion-grid:before,.ion-hammer:before,.ion-happy:before,.ion-happy-outline:before,.ion-headphone:before,.ion-heart:before,.ion-heart-broken:before,.ion-help:before,.ion-help-buoy:before,.ion-help-circled:before,.ion-home:before,.ion-icecream:before,.ion-image:before,.ion-images:before,.ion-information:before,.ion-information-circled:before,.ion-ionic:before,.ion-ios-alarm:before,.ion-ios-alarm-outline:before,.ion-ios-albums:before,.ion-ios-albums-outline:before,.ion-ios-americanfootball:before,.ion-ios-americanfootball-outline:before,.ion-ios-analytics:before,.ion-ios-analytics-outline:before,.ion-ios-arrow-back:before,.ion-ios-arrow-down:before,.ion-ios-arrow-forward:before,.ion-ios-arrow-left:before,.ion-ios-arrow-right:before,.ion-ios-arrow-thin-down:before,.ion-ios-arrow-thin-left:before,.ion-ios-arrow-thin-right:before,.ion-ios-arrow-thin-up:before,.ion-ios-arrow-up:before,.ion-ios-at:before,.ion-ios-at-outline:before,.ion-ios-barcode:before,.ion-ios-barcode-outline:before,.ion-ios-baseball:before,.ion-ios-baseball-outline:before,.ion-ios-basketball:before,.ion-ios-basketball-outline:before,.ion-ios-bell:before,.ion-ios-bell-outline:before,.ion-ios-body:before,.ion-ios-body-outline:before,.ion-ios-bolt:before,.ion-ios-bolt-outline:before,.ion-ios-book:before,.ion-ios-book-outline:before,.ion-ios-bookmarks:before,.ion-ios-bookmarks-outline:before,.ion-ios-box:before,.ion-ios-box-outline:before,.ion-ios-briefcase:before,.ion-ios-briefcase-outline:before,.ion-ios-browsers:before,.ion-ios-browsers-outline:before,.ion-ios-calculator:before,.ion-ios-calculator-outline:before,.ion-ios-calendar:before,.ion-ios-calendar-outline:before,.ion-ios-camera:before,.ion-ios-camera-outline:before,.ion-ios-cart:before,.ion-ios-cart-outline:before,.ion-ios-chatboxes:before,.ion-ios-chatboxes-outline:before,.ion-ios-chatbubble:before,.ion-ios-chatbubble-outline:before,.ion-ios-checkmark:before,.ion-ios-checkmark-empty:before,.ion-ios-checkmark-outline:before,.ion-ios-circle-filled:before,.ion-ios-circle-outline:before,.ion-ios-clock:before,.ion-ios-clock-outline:before,.ion-ios-close:before,.ion-ios-close-empty:before,.ion-ios-close-outline:before,.ion-ios-cloud:before,.ion-ios-cloud-download:before,.ion-ios-cloud-download-outline:before,.ion-ios-cloud-outline:before,.ion-ios-cloud-upload:before,.ion-ios-cloud-upload-outline:before,.ion-ios-cloudy:before,.ion-ios-cloudy-night:before,.ion-ios-cloudy-night-outline:before,.ion-ios-cloudy-outline:before,.ion-ios-cog:before,.ion-ios-cog-outline:before,.ion-ios-color-filter:before,.ion-ios-color-filter-outline:before,.ion-ios-color-wand:before,.ion-ios-color-wand-outline:before,.ion-ios-compose:before,.ion-ios-compose-outline:before,.ion-ios-contact:before,.ion-ios-contact-outline:before,.ion-ios-copy:before,.ion-ios-copy-outline:before,.ion-ios-crop:before,.ion-ios-crop-strong:before,.ion-ios-download:before,.ion-ios-download-outline:before,.ion-ios-drag:before,.ion-ios-email:before,.ion-ios-email-outline:before,.ion-ios-eye:before,.ion-ios-eye-outline:before,.ion-ios-fastforward:before,.ion-ios-fastforward-outline:before,.ion-ios-filing:before,.ion-ios-filing-outline:before,.ion-ios-film:before,.ion-ios-film-outline:before,.ion-ios-flag:before,.ion-ios-flag-outline:before,.ion-ios-flame:before,.ion-ios-flame-outline:before,.ion-ios-flask:before,.ion-ios-flask-outline:before,.ion-ios-flower:before,.ion-ios-flower-outline:before,.ion-ios-folder:before,.ion-ios-folder-outline:before,.ion-ios-football:before,.ion-ios-football-outline:before,.ion-ios-game-controller-a:before,.ion-ios-game-controller-a-outline:before,.ion-ios-game-controller-b:before,.ion-ios-game-controller-b-outline:before,.ion-ios-gear:before,.ion-ios-gear-outline:before,.ion-ios-glasses:before,.ion-ios-glasses-outline:before,.ion-ios-grid-view:before,.ion-ios-grid-view-outline:before,.ion-ios-heart:before,.ion-ios-heart-outline:before,.ion-ios-help:before,.ion-ios-help-empty:before,.ion-ios-help-outline:before,.ion-ios-home:before,.ion-ios-home-outline:before,.ion-ios-infinite:before,.ion-ios-infinite-outline:before,.ion-ios-information:before,.ion-ios-information-empty:before,.ion-ios-information-outline:before,.ion-ios-ionic-outline:before,.ion-ios-keypad:before,.ion-ios-keypad-outline:before,.ion-ios-lightbulb:before,.ion-ios-lightbulb-outline:before,.ion-ios-list:before,.ion-ios-list-outline:before,.ion-ios-location:before,.ion-ios-location-outline:before,.ion-ios-locked:before,.ion-ios-locked-outline:before,.ion-ios-loop:before,.ion-ios-loop-strong:before,.ion-ios-medical:before,.ion-ios-medical-outline:before,.ion-ios-medkit:before,.ion-ios-medkit-outline:before,.ion-ios-mic:before,.ion-ios-mic-off:before,.ion-ios-mic-outline:before,.ion-ios-minus:before,.ion-ios-minus-empty:before,.ion-ios-minus-outline:before,.ion-ios-monitor:before,.ion-ios-monitor-outline:before,.ion-ios-moon:before,.ion-ios-moon-outline:before,.ion-ios-more:before,.ion-ios-more-outline:before,.ion-ios-musical-note:before,.ion-ios-musical-notes:before,.ion-ios-navigate:before,.ion-ios-navigate-outline:before,.ion-ios-nutrition:before,.ion-ios-nutrition-outline:before,.ion-ios-paper:before,.ion-ios-paper-outline:before,.ion-ios-paperplane:before,.ion-ios-paperplane-outline:before,.ion-ios-partlysunny:before,.ion-ios-partlysunny-outline:before,.ion-ios-pause:before,.ion-ios-pause-outline:before,.ion-ios-paw:before,.ion-ios-paw-outline:before,.ion-ios-people:before,.ion-ios-people-outline:before,.ion-ios-person:before,.ion-ios-person-outline:before,.ion-ios-personadd:before,.ion-ios-personadd-outline:before,.ion-ios-photos:before,.ion-ios-photos-outline:before,.ion-ios-pie:before,.ion-ios-pie-outline:before,.ion-ios-pint:before,.ion-ios-pint-outline:before,.ion-ios-play:before,.ion-ios-play-outline:before,.ion-ios-plus:before,.ion-ios-plus-empty:before,.ion-ios-plus-outline:before,.ion-ios-pricetag:before,.ion-ios-pricetag-outline:before,.ion-ios-pricetags:before,.ion-ios-pricetags-outline:before,.ion-ios-printer:before,.ion-ios-printer-outline:before,.ion-ios-pulse:before,.ion-ios-pulse-strong:before,.ion-ios-rainy:before,.ion-ios-rainy-outline:before,.ion-ios-recording:before,.ion-ios-recording-outline:before,.ion-ios-redo:before,.ion-ios-redo-outline:before,.ion-ios-refresh:before,.ion-ios-refresh-empty:before,.ion-ios-refresh-outline:before,.ion-ios-reload:before,.ion-ios-reverse-camera:before,.ion-ios-reverse-camera-outline:before,.ion-ios-rewind:before,.ion-ios-rewind-outline:before,.ion-ios-rose:before,.ion-ios-rose-outline:before,.ion-ios-search:before,.ion-ios-search-strong:before,.ion-ios-settings:before,.ion-ios-settings-strong:before,.ion-ios-shuffle:before,.ion-ios-shuffle-strong:before,.ion-ios-skipbackward:before,.ion-ios-skipbackward-outline:before,.ion-ios-skipforward:before,.ion-ios-skipforward-outline:before,.ion-ios-snowy:before,.ion-ios-speedometer:before,.ion-ios-speedometer-outline:before,.ion-ios-star:before,.ion-ios-star-half:before,.ion-ios-star-outline:before,.ion-ios-stopwatch:before,.ion-ios-stopwatch-outline:before,.ion-ios-sunny:before,.ion-ios-sunny-outline:before,.ion-ios-telephone:before,.ion-ios-telephone-outline:before,.ion-ios-tennisball:before,.ion-ios-tennisball-outline:before,.ion-ios-thunderstorm:before,.ion-ios-thunderstorm-outline:before,.ion-ios-time:before,.ion-ios-time-outline:before,.ion-ios-timer:before,.ion-ios-timer-outline:before,.ion-ios-toggle:before,.ion-ios-toggle-outline:before,.ion-ios-trash:before,.ion-ios-trash-outline:before,.ion-ios-undo:before,.ion-ios-undo-outline:before,.ion-ios-unlocked:before,.ion-ios-unlocked-outline:before,.ion-ios-upload:before,.ion-ios-upload-outline:before,.ion-ios-videocam:before,.ion-ios-videocam-outline:before,.ion-ios-volume-high:before,.ion-ios-volume-low:before,.ion-ios-wineglass:before,.ion-ios-wineglass-outline:before,.ion-ios-world:before,.ion-ios-world-outline:before,.ion-ipad:before,.ion-iphone:before,.ion-ipod:before,.ion-jet:before,.ion-key:before,.ion-knife:before,.ion-laptop:before,.ion-leaf:before,.ion-levels:before,.ion-lightbulb:before,.ion-link:before,.ion-load-a:before,.ion-load-b:before,.ion-load-c:before,.ion-load-d:before,.ion-location:before,.ion-lock-combination:before,.ion-locked:before,.ion-log-in:before,.ion-log-out:before,.ion-loop:before,.ion-magnet:before,.ion-male:before,.ion-man:before,.ion-map:before,.ion-medkit:before,.ion-merge:before,.ion-mic-a:before,.ion-mic-b:before,.ion-mic-c:before,.ion-minus:before,.ion-minus-circled:before,.ion-minus-round:before,.ion-model-s:before,.ion-monitor:before,.ion-more:before,.ion-mouse:before,.ion-music-note:before,.ion-navicon:before,.ion-navicon-round:before,.ion-navigate:before,.ion-network:before,.ion-no-smoking:before,.ion-nuclear:before,.ion-outlet:before,.ion-paintbrush:before,.ion-paintbucket:before,.ion-paper-airplane:before,.ion-paperclip:before,.ion-pause:before,.ion-person:before,.ion-person-add:before,.ion-person-stalker:before,.ion-pie-graph:before,.ion-pin:before,.ion-pinpoint:before,.ion-pizza:before,.ion-plane:before,.ion-planet:before,.ion-play:before,.ion-playstation:before,.ion-plus:before,.ion-plus-circled:before,.ion-plus-round:before,.ion-podium:before,.ion-pound:before,.ion-power:before,.ion-pricetag:before,.ion-pricetags:before,.ion-printer:before,.ion-pull-request:before,.ion-qr-scanner:before,.ion-quote:before,.ion-radio-waves:before,.ion-record:before,.ion-refresh:before,.ion-reply:before,.ion-reply-all:before,.ion-ribbon-a:before,.ion-ribbon-b:before,.ion-sad:before,.ion-sad-outline:before,.ion-scissors:before,.ion-search:before,.ion-settings:before,.ion-share:before,.ion-shuffle:before,.ion-skip-backward:before,.ion-skip-forward:before,.ion-social-android:before,.ion-social-android-outline:before,.ion-social-angular:before,.ion-social-angular-outline:before,.ion-social-apple:before,.ion-social-apple-outline:before,.ion-social-bitcoin:before,.ion-social-bitcoin-outline:before,.ion-social-buffer:before,.ion-social-buffer-outline:before,.ion-social-chrome:before,.ion-social-chrome-outline:before,.ion-social-codepen:before,.ion-social-codepen-outline:before,.ion-social-css3:before,.ion-social-css3-outline:before,.ion-social-designernews:before,.ion-social-designernews-outline:before,.ion-social-dribbble:before,.ion-social-dribbble-outline:before,.ion-social-dropbox:before,.ion-social-dropbox-outline:before,.ion-social-euro:before,.ion-social-euro-outline:before,.ion-social-facebook:before,.ion-social-facebook-outline:before,.ion-social-foursquare:before,.ion-social-foursquare-outline:before,.ion-social-freebsd-devil:before,.ion-social-github:before,.ion-social-github-outline:before,.ion-social-google:before,.ion-social-google-outline:before,.ion-social-googleplus:before,.ion-social-googleplus-outline:before,.ion-social-hackernews:before,.ion-social-hackernews-outline:before,.ion-social-html5:before,.ion-social-html5-outline:before,.ion-social-instagram:before,.ion-social-instagram-outline:before,.ion-social-javascript:before,.ion-social-javascript-outline:before,.ion-social-linkedin:before,.ion-social-linkedin-outline:before,.ion-social-markdown:before,.ion-social-nodejs:before,.ion-social-octocat:before,.ion-social-pinterest:before,.ion-social-pinterest-outline:before,.ion-social-python:before,.ion-social-reddit:before,.ion-social-reddit-outline:before,.ion-social-rss:before,.ion-social-rss-outline:before,.ion-social-sass:before,.ion-social-skype:before,.ion-social-skype-outline:before,.ion-social-snapchat:before,.ion-social-snapchat-outline:before,.ion-social-tumblr:before,.ion-social-tumblr-outline:before,.ion-social-tux:before,.ion-social-twitch:before,.ion-social-twitch-outline:before,.ion-social-twitter:before,.ion-social-twitter-outline:before,.ion-social-usd:before,.ion-social-usd-outline:before,.ion-social-vimeo:before,.ion-social-vimeo-outline:before,.ion-social-whatsapp:before,.ion-social-whatsapp-outline:before,.ion-social-windows:before,.ion-social-windows-outline:before,.ion-social-wordpress:before,.ion-social-wordpress-outline:before,.ion-social-yahoo:before,.ion-social-yahoo-outline:before,.ion-social-yen:before,.ion-social-yen-outline:before,.ion-social-youtube:before,.ion-social-youtube-outline:before,.ion-soup-can:before,.ion-soup-can-outline:before,.ion-speakerphone:before,.ion-speedometer:before,.ion-spoon:before,.ion-star:before,.ion-stats-bars:before,.ion-steam:before,.ion-stop:before,.ion-thermometer:before,.ion-thumbsdown:before,.ion-thumbsup:before,.ion-toggle:before,.ion-toggle-filled:before,.ion-transgender:before,.ion-trash-a:before,.ion-trash-b:before,.ion-trophy:before,.ion-tshirt:before,.ion-tshirt-outline:before,.ion-umbrella:before,.ion-university:before,.ion-unlocked:before,.ion-upload:before,.ion-usb:before,.ion-videocamera:before,.ion-volume-high:before,.ion-volume-low:before,.ion-volume-medium:before,.ion-volume-mute:before,.ion-wand:before,.ion-waterdrop:before,.ion-wifi:before,.ion-wineglass:before,.ion-woman:before,.ion-wrench:before,.ion-xbox:before{display:inline-block;font-family:"Ionicons";speak:none;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;text-rendering:auto;line-height:1;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.ion-alert:before{content:"\F101"}.ion-alert-circled:before{content:"\F100"}.ion-android-add:before{content:"\F2C7"}.ion-android-add-circle:before{content:"\F359"}.ion-android-alarm-clock:before{content:"\F35A"}.ion-android-alert:before{content:"\F35B"}.ion-android-apps:before{content:"\F35C"}.ion-android-archive:before{content:"\F2C9"}.ion-android-arrow-back:before{content:"\F2CA"}.ion-android-arrow-down:before{content:"\F35D"}.ion-android-arrow-dropdown:before{content:"\F35F"}.ion-android-arrow-dropdown-circle:before{content:"\F35E"}.ion-android-arrow-dropleft:before{content:"\F361"}.ion-android-arrow-dropleft-circle:before{content:"\F360"}.ion-android-arrow-dropright:before{content:"\F363"}.ion-android-arrow-dropright-circle:before{content:"\F362"}.ion-android-arrow-dropup:before{content:"\F365"}.ion-android-arrow-dropup-circle:before{content:"\F364"}.ion-android-arrow-forward:before{content:"\F30F"}.ion-android-arrow-up:before{content:"\F366"}.ion-android-attach:before{content:"\F367"}.ion-android-bar:before{content:"\F368"}.ion-android-bicycle:before{content:"\F369"}.ion-android-boat:before{content:"\F36A"}.ion-android-bookmark:before{content:"\F36B"}.ion-android-bulb:before{content:"\F36C"}.ion-android-bus:before{content:"\F36D"}.ion-android-calendar:before{content:"\F2D1"}.ion-android-call:before{content:"\F2D2"}.ion-android-camera:before{content:"\F2D3"}.ion-android-cancel:before{content:"\F36E"}.ion-android-car:before{content:"\F36F"}.ion-android-cart:before{content:"\F370"}.ion-android-chat:before{content:"\F2D4"}.ion-android-checkbox:before{content:"\F374"}.ion-android-checkbox-blank:before{content:"\F371"}.ion-android-checkbox-outline:before{content:"\F373"}.ion-android-checkbox-outline-blank:before{content:"\F372"}.ion-android-checkmark-circle:before{content:"\F375"}.ion-android-clipboard:before{content:"\F376"}.ion-android-close:before{content:"\F2D7"}.ion-android-cloud:before{content:"\F37A"}.ion-android-cloud-circle:before{content:"\F377"}.ion-android-cloud-done:before{content:"\F378"}.ion-android-cloud-outline:before{content:"\F379"}.ion-android-color-palette:before{content:"\F37B"}.ion-android-compass:before{content:"\F37C"}.ion-android-contact:before{content:"\F2D8"}.ion-android-contacts:before{content:"\F2D9"}.ion-android-contract:before{content:"\F37D"}.ion-android-create:before{content:"\F37E"}.ion-android-delete:before{content:"\F37F"}.ion-android-desktop:before{content:"\F380"}.ion-android-document:before{content:"\F381"}.ion-android-done:before{content:"\F383"}.ion-android-done-all:before{content:"\F382"}.ion-android-download:before{content:"\F2DD"}.ion-android-drafts:before{content:"\F384"}.ion-android-exit:before{content:"\F385"}.ion-android-expand:before{content:"\F386"}.ion-android-favorite:before{content:"\F388"}.ion-android-favorite-outline:before{content:"\F387"}.ion-android-film:before{content:"\F389"}.ion-android-folder:before{content:"\F2E0"}.ion-android-folder-open:before{content:"\F38A"}.ion-android-funnel:before{content:"\F38B"}.ion-android-globe:before{content:"\F38C"}.ion-android-hand:before{content:"\F2E3"}.ion-android-hangout:before{content:"\F38D"}.ion-android-happy:before{content:"\F38E"}.ion-android-home:before{content:"\F38F"}.ion-android-image:before{content:"\F2E4"}.ion-android-laptop:before{content:"\F390"}.ion-android-list:before{content:"\F391"}.ion-android-locate:before{content:"\F2E9"}.ion-android-lock:before{content:"\F392"}.ion-android-mail:before{content:"\F2EB"}.ion-android-map:before{content:"\F393"}.ion-android-menu:before{content:"\F394"}.ion-android-microphone:before{content:"\F2EC"}.ion-android-microphone-off:before{content:"\F395"}.ion-android-more-horizontal:before{content:"\F396"}.ion-android-more-vertical:before{content:"\F397"}.ion-android-navigate:before{content:"\F398"}.ion-android-notifications:before{content:"\F39B"}.ion-android-notifications-none:before{content:"\F399"}.ion-android-notifications-off:before{content:"\F39A"}.ion-android-open:before{content:"\F39C"}.ion-android-options:before{content:"\F39D"}.ion-android-people:before{content:"\F39E"}.ion-android-person:before{content:"\F3A0"}.ion-android-person-add:before{content:"\F39F"}.ion-android-phone-landscape:before{content:"\F3A1"}.ion-android-phone-portrait:before{content:"\F3A2"}.ion-android-pin:before{content:"\F3A3"}.ion-android-plane:before{content:"\F3A4"}.ion-android-playstore:before{content:"\F2F0"}.ion-android-print:before{content:"\F3A5"}.ion-android-radio-button-off:before{content:"\F3A6"}.ion-android-radio-button-on:before{content:"\F3A7"}.ion-android-refresh:before{content:"\F3A8"}.ion-android-remove:before{content:"\F2F4"}.ion-android-remove-circle:before{content:"\F3A9"}.ion-android-restaurant:before{content:"\F3AA"}.ion-android-sad:before{content:"\F3AB"}.ion-android-search:before{content:"\F2F5"}.ion-android-send:before{content:"\F2F6"}.ion-android-settings:before{content:"\F2F7"}.ion-android-share:before{content:"\F2F8"}.ion-android-share-alt:before{content:"\F3AC"}.ion-android-star:before{content:"\F2FC"}.ion-android-star-half:before{content:"\F3AD"}.ion-android-star-outline:before{content:"\F3AE"}.ion-android-stopwatch:before{content:"\F2FD"}.ion-android-subway:before{content:"\F3AF"}.ion-android-sunny:before{content:"\F3B0"}.ion-android-sync:before{content:"\F3B1"}.ion-android-textsms:before{content:"\F3B2"}.ion-android-time:before{content:"\F3B3"}.ion-android-train:before{content:"\F3B4"}.ion-android-unlock:before{content:"\F3B5"}.ion-android-upload:before{content:"\F3B6"}.ion-android-volume-down:before{content:"\F3B7"}.ion-android-volume-mute:before{content:"\F3B8"}.ion-android-volume-off:before{content:"\F3B9"}.ion-android-volume-up:before{content:"\F3BA"}.ion-android-walk:before{content:"\F3BB"}.ion-android-warning:before{content:"\F3BC"}.ion-android-watch:before{content:"\F3BD"}.ion-android-wifi:before{content:"\F305"}.ion-aperture:before{content:"\F313"}.ion-archive:before{content:"\F102"}.ion-arrow-down-a:before{content:"\F103"}.ion-arrow-down-b:before{content:"\F104"}.ion-arrow-down-c:before{content:"\F105"}.ion-arrow-expand:before{content:"\F25E"}.ion-arrow-graph-down-left:before{content:"\F25F"}.ion-arrow-graph-down-right:before{content:"\F260"}.ion-arrow-graph-up-left:before{content:"\F261"}.ion-arrow-graph-up-right:before{content:"\F262"}.ion-arrow-left-a:before{content:"\F106"}.ion-arrow-left-b:before{content:"\F107"}.ion-arrow-left-c:before{content:"\F108"}.ion-arrow-move:before{content:"\F263"}.ion-arrow-resize:before{content:"\F264"}.ion-arrow-return-left:before{content:"\F265"}.ion-arrow-return-right:before{content:"\F266"}.ion-arrow-right-a:before{content:"\F109"}.ion-arrow-right-b:before{content:"\F10A"}.ion-arrow-right-c:before{content:"\F10B"}.ion-arrow-shrink:before{content:"\F267"}.ion-arrow-swap:before{content:"\F268"}.ion-arrow-up-a:before{content:"\F10C"}.ion-arrow-up-b:before{content:"\F10D"}.ion-arrow-up-c:before{content:"\F10E"}.ion-asterisk:before{content:"\F314"}.ion-at:before{content:"\F10F"}.ion-backspace:before{content:"\F3BF"}.ion-backspace-outline:before{content:"\F3BE"}.ion-bag:before{content:"\F110"}.ion-battery-charging:before{content:"\F111"}.ion-battery-empty:before{content:"\F112"}.ion-battery-full:before{content:"\F113"}.ion-battery-half:before{content:"\F114"}.ion-battery-low:before{content:"\F115"}.ion-beaker:before{content:"\F269"}.ion-beer:before{content:"\F26A"}.ion-bluetooth:before{content:"\F116"}.ion-bonfire:before{content:"\F315"}.ion-bookmark:before{content:"\F26B"}.ion-bowtie:before{content:"\F3C0"}.ion-briefcase:before{content:"\F26C"}.ion-bug:before{content:"\F2BE"}.ion-calculator:before{content:"\F26D"}.ion-calendar:before{content:"\F117"}.ion-camera:before{content:"\F118"}.ion-card:before{content:"\F119"}.ion-cash:before{content:"\F316"}.ion-chatbox:before{content:"\F11B"}.ion-chatbox-working:before{content:"\F11A"}.ion-chatboxes:before{content:"\F11C"}.ion-chatbubble:before{content:"\F11E"}.ion-chatbubble-working:before{content:"\F11D"}.ion-chatbubbles:before{content:"\F11F"}.ion-checkmark:before{content:"\F122"}.ion-checkmark-circled:before{content:"\F120"}.ion-checkmark-round:before{content:"\F121"}.ion-chevron-down:before{content:"\F123"}.ion-chevron-left:before{content:"\F124"}.ion-chevron-right:before{content:"\F125"}.ion-chevron-up:before{content:"\F126"}.ion-clipboard:before{content:"\F127"}.ion-clock:before{content:"\F26E"}.ion-close:before{content:"\F12A"}.ion-close-circled:before{content:"\F128"}.ion-close-round:before{content:"\F129"}.ion-closed-captioning:before{content:"\F317"}.ion-cloud:before{content:"\F12B"}.ion-code:before{content:"\F271"}.ion-code-download:before{content:"\F26F"}.ion-code-working:before{content:"\F270"}.ion-coffee:before{content:"\F272"}.ion-compass:before{content:"\F273"}.ion-compose:before{content:"\F12C"}.ion-connection-bars:before{content:"\F274"}.ion-contrast:before{content:"\F275"}.ion-crop:before{content:"\F3C1"}.ion-cube:before{content:"\F318"}.ion-disc:before{content:"\F12D"}.ion-document:before{content:"\F12F"}.ion-document-text:before{content:"\F12E"}.ion-drag:before{content:"\F130"}.ion-earth:before{content:"\F276"}.ion-easel:before{content:"\F3C2"}.ion-edit:before{content:"\F2BF"}.ion-egg:before{content:"\F277"}.ion-eject:before{content:"\F131"}.ion-email:before{content:"\F132"}.ion-email-unread:before{content:"\F3C3"}.ion-erlenmeyer-flask:before{content:"\F3C5"}.ion-erlenmeyer-flask-bubbles:before{content:"\F3C4"}.ion-eye:before{content:"\F133"}.ion-eye-disabled:before{content:"\F306"}.ion-female:before{content:"\F278"}.ion-filing:before{content:"\F134"}.ion-film-marker:before{content:"\F135"}.ion-fireball:before{content:"\F319"}.ion-flag:before{content:"\F279"}.ion-flame:before{content:"\F31A"}.ion-flash:before{content:"\F137"}.ion-flash-off:before{content:"\F136"}.ion-folder:before{content:"\F139"}.ion-fork:before{content:"\F27A"}.ion-fork-repo:before{content:"\F2C0"}.ion-forward:before{content:"\F13A"}.ion-funnel:before{content:"\F31B"}.ion-gear-a:before{content:"\F13D"}.ion-gear-b:before{content:"\F13E"}.ion-grid:before{content:"\F13F"}.ion-hammer:before{content:"\F27B"}.ion-happy:before{content:"\F31C"}.ion-happy-outline:before{content:"\F3C6"}.ion-headphone:before{content:"\F140"}.ion-heart:before{content:"\F141"}.ion-heart-broken:before{content:"\F31D"}.ion-help:before{content:"\F143"}.ion-help-buoy:before{content:"\F27C"}.ion-help-circled:before{content:"\F142"}.ion-home:before{content:"\F144"}.ion-icecream:before{content:"\F27D"}.ion-image:before{content:"\F147"}.ion-images:before{content:"\F148"}.ion-information:before{content:"\F14A"}.ion-information-circled:before{content:"\F149"}.ion-ionic:before{content:"\F14B"}.ion-ios-alarm:before{content:"\F3C8"}.ion-ios-alarm-outline:before{content:"\F3C7"}.ion-ios-albums:before{content:"\F3CA"}.ion-ios-albums-outline:before{content:"\F3C9"}.ion-ios-americanfootball:before{content:"\F3CC"}.ion-ios-americanfootball-outline:before{content:"\F3CB"}.ion-ios-analytics:before{content:"\F3CE"}.ion-ios-analytics-outline:before{content:"\F3CD"}.ion-ios-arrow-back:before{content:"\F3CF"}.ion-ios-arrow-down:before{content:"\F3D0"}.ion-ios-arrow-forward:before{content:"\F3D1"}.ion-ios-arrow-left:before{content:"\F3D2"}.ion-ios-arrow-right:before{content:"\F3D3"}.ion-ios-arrow-thin-down:before{content:"\F3D4"}.ion-ios-arrow-thin-left:before{content:"\F3D5"}.ion-ios-arrow-thin-right:before{content:"\F3D6"}.ion-ios-arrow-thin-up:before{content:"\F3D7"}.ion-ios-arrow-up:before{content:"\F3D8"}.ion-ios-at:before{content:"\F3DA"}.ion-ios-at-outline:before{content:"\F3D9"}.ion-ios-barcode:before{content:"\F3DC"}.ion-ios-barcode-outline:before{content:"\F3DB"}.ion-ios-baseball:before{content:"\F3DE"}.ion-ios-baseball-outline:before{content:"\F3DD"}.ion-ios-basketball:before{content:"\F3E0"}.ion-ios-basketball-outline:before{content:"\F3DF"}.ion-ios-bell:before{content:"\F3E2"}.ion-ios-bell-outline:before{content:"\F3E1"}.ion-ios-body:before{content:"\F3E4"}.ion-ios-body-outline:before{content:"\F3E3"}.ion-ios-bolt:before{content:"\F3E6"}.ion-ios-bolt-outline:before{content:"\F3E5"}.ion-ios-book:before{content:"\F3E8"}.ion-ios-book-outline:before{content:"\F3E7"}.ion-ios-bookmarks:before{content:"\F3EA"}.ion-ios-bookmarks-outline:before{content:"\F3E9"}.ion-ios-box:before{content:"\F3EC"}.ion-ios-box-outline:before{content:"\F3EB"}.ion-ios-briefcase:before{content:"\F3EE"}.ion-ios-briefcase-outline:before{content:"\F3ED"}.ion-ios-browsers:before{content:"\F3F0"}.ion-ios-browsers-outline:before{content:"\F3EF"}.ion-ios-calculator:before{content:"\F3F2"}.ion-ios-calculator-outline:before{content:"\F3F1"}.ion-ios-calendar:before{content:"\F3F4"}.ion-ios-calendar-outline:before{content:"\F3F3"}.ion-ios-camera:before{content:"\F3F6"}.ion-ios-camera-outline:before{content:"\F3F5"}.ion-ios-cart:before{content:"\F3F8"}.ion-ios-cart-outline:before{content:"\F3F7"}.ion-ios-chatboxes:before{content:"\F3FA"}.ion-ios-chatboxes-outline:before{content:"\F3F9"}.ion-ios-chatbubble:before{content:"\F3FC"}.ion-ios-chatbubble-outline:before{content:"\F3FB"}.ion-ios-checkmark:before{content:"\F3FF"}.ion-ios-checkmark-empty:before{content:"\F3FD"}.ion-ios-checkmark-outline:before{content:"\F3FE"}.ion-ios-circle-filled:before{content:"\F400"}.ion-ios-circle-outline:before{content:"\F401"}.ion-ios-clock:before{content:"\F403"}.ion-ios-clock-outline:before{content:"\F402"}.ion-ios-close:before{content:"\F406"}.ion-ios-close-empty:before{content:"\F404"}.ion-ios-close-outline:before{content:"\F405"}.ion-ios-cloud:before{content:"\F40C"}.ion-ios-cloud-download:before{content:"\F408"}.ion-ios-cloud-download-outline:before{content:"\F407"}.ion-ios-cloud-outline:before{content:"\F409"}.ion-ios-cloud-upload:before{content:"\F40B"}.ion-ios-cloud-upload-outline:before{content:"\F40A"}.ion-ios-cloudy:before{content:"\F410"}.ion-ios-cloudy-night:before{content:"\F40E"}.ion-ios-cloudy-night-outline:before{content:"\F40D"}.ion-ios-cloudy-outline:before{content:"\F40F"}.ion-ios-cog:before{content:"\F412"}.ion-ios-cog-outline:before{content:"\F411"}.ion-ios-color-filter:before{content:"\F414"}.ion-ios-color-filter-outline:before{content:"\F413"}.ion-ios-color-wand:before{content:"\F416"}.ion-ios-color-wand-outline:before{content:"\F415"}.ion-ios-compose:before{content:"\F418"}.ion-ios-compose-outline:before{content:"\F417"}.ion-ios-contact:before{content:"\F41A"}.ion-ios-contact-outline:before{content:"\F419"}.ion-ios-copy:before{content:"\F41C"}.ion-ios-copy-outline:before{content:"\F41B"}.ion-ios-crop:before{content:"\F41E"}.ion-ios-crop-strong:before{content:"\F41D"}.ion-ios-download:before{content:"\F420"}.ion-ios-download-outline:before{content:"\F41F"}.ion-ios-drag:before{content:"\F421"}.ion-ios-email:before{content:"\F423"}.ion-ios-email-outline:before{content:"\F422"}.ion-ios-eye:before{content:"\F425"}.ion-ios-eye-outline:before{content:"\F424"}.ion-ios-fastforward:before{content:"\F427"}.ion-ios-fastforward-outline:before{content:"\F426"}.ion-ios-filing:before{content:"\F429"}.ion-ios-filing-outline:before{content:"\F428"}.ion-ios-film:before{content:"\F42B"}.ion-ios-film-outline:before{content:"\F42A"}.ion-ios-flag:before{content:"\F42D"}.ion-ios-flag-outline:before{content:"\F42C"}.ion-ios-flame:before{content:"\F42F"}.ion-ios-flame-outline:before{content:"\F42E"}.ion-ios-flask:before{content:"\F431"}.ion-ios-flask-outline:before{content:"\F430"}.ion-ios-flower:before{content:"\F433"}.ion-ios-flower-outline:before{content:"\F432"}.ion-ios-folder:before{content:"\F435"}.ion-ios-folder-outline:before{content:"\F434"}.ion-ios-football:before{content:"\F437"}.ion-ios-football-outline:before{content:"\F436"}.ion-ios-game-controller-a:before{content:"\F439"}.ion-ios-game-controller-a-outline:before{content:"\F438"}.ion-ios-game-controller-b:before{content:"\F43B"}.ion-ios-game-controller-b-outline:before{content:"\F43A"}.ion-ios-gear:before{content:"\F43D"}.ion-ios-gear-outline:before{content:"\F43C"}.ion-ios-glasses:before{content:"\F43F"}.ion-ios-glasses-outline:before{content:"\F43E"}.ion-ios-grid-view:before{content:"\F441"}.ion-ios-grid-view-outline:before{content:"\F440"}.ion-ios-heart:before{content:"\F443"}.ion-ios-heart-outline:before{content:"\F442"}.ion-ios-help:before{content:"\F446"}.ion-ios-help-empty:before{content:"\F444"}.ion-ios-help-outline:before{content:"\F445"}.ion-ios-home:before{content:"\F448"}.ion-ios-home-outline:before{content:"\F447"}.ion-ios-infinite:before{content:"\F44A"}.ion-ios-infinite-outline:before{content:"\F449"}.ion-ios-information:before{content:"\F44D"}.ion-ios-information-empty:before{content:"\F44B"}.ion-ios-information-outline:before{content:"\F44C"}.ion-ios-ionic-outline:before{content:"\F44E"}.ion-ios-keypad:before{content:"\F450"}.ion-ios-keypad-outline:before{content:"\F44F"}.ion-ios-lightbulb:before{content:"\F452"}.ion-ios-lightbulb-outline:before{content:"\F451"}.ion-ios-list:before{content:"\F454"}.ion-ios-list-outline:before{content:"\F453"}.ion-ios-location:before{content:"\F456"}.ion-ios-location-outline:before{content:"\F455"}.ion-ios-locked:before{content:"\F458"}.ion-ios-locked-outline:before{content:"\F457"}.ion-ios-loop:before{content:"\F45A"}.ion-ios-loop-strong:before{content:"\F459"}.ion-ios-medical:before{content:"\F45C"}.ion-ios-medical-outline:before{content:"\F45B"}.ion-ios-medkit:before{content:"\F45E"}.ion-ios-medkit-outline:before{content:"\F45D"}.ion-ios-mic:before{content:"\F461"}.ion-ios-mic-off:before{content:"\F45F"}.ion-ios-mic-outline:before{content:"\F460"}.ion-ios-minus:before{content:"\F464"}.ion-ios-minus-empty:before{content:"\F462"}.ion-ios-minus-outline:before{content:"\F463"}.ion-ios-monitor:before{content:"\F466"}.ion-ios-monitor-outline:before{content:"\F465"}.ion-ios-moon:before{content:"\F468"}.ion-ios-moon-outline:before{content:"\F467"}.ion-ios-more:before{content:"\F46A"}.ion-ios-more-outline:before{content:"\F469"}.ion-ios-musical-note:before{content:"\F46B"}.ion-ios-musical-notes:before{content:"\F46C"}.ion-ios-navigate:before{content:"\F46E"}.ion-ios-navigate-outline:before{content:"\F46D"}.ion-ios-nutrition:before{content:"\F470"}.ion-ios-nutrition-outline:before{content:"\F46F"}.ion-ios-paper:before{content:"\F472"}.ion-ios-paper-outline:before{content:"\F471"}.ion-ios-paperplane:before{content:"\F474"}.ion-ios-paperplane-outline:before{content:"\F473"}.ion-ios-partlysunny:before{content:"\F476"}.ion-ios-partlysunny-outline:before{content:"\F475"}.ion-ios-pause:before{content:"\F478"}.ion-ios-pause-outline:before{content:"\F477"}.ion-ios-paw:before{content:"\F47A"}.ion-ios-paw-outline:before{content:"\F479"}.ion-ios-people:before{content:"\F47C"}.ion-ios-people-outline:before{content:"\F47B"}.ion-ios-person:before{content:"\F47E"}.ion-ios-person-outline:before{content:"\F47D"}.ion-ios-personadd:before{content:"\F480"}.ion-ios-personadd-outline:before{content:"\F47F"}.ion-ios-photos:before{content:"\F482"}.ion-ios-photos-outline:before{content:"\F481"}.ion-ios-pie:before{content:"\F484"}.ion-ios-pie-outline:before{content:"\F483"}.ion-ios-pint:before{content:"\F486"}.ion-ios-pint-outline:before{content:"\F485"}.ion-ios-play:before{content:"\F488"}.ion-ios-play-outline:before{content:"\F487"}.ion-ios-plus:before{content:"\F48B"}.ion-ios-plus-empty:before{content:"\F489"}.ion-ios-plus-outline:before{content:"\F48A"}.ion-ios-pricetag:before{content:"\F48D"}.ion-ios-pricetag-outline:before{content:"\F48C"}.ion-ios-pricetags:before{content:"\F48F"}.ion-ios-pricetags-outline:before{content:"\F48E"}.ion-ios-printer:before{content:"\F491"}.ion-ios-printer-outline:before{content:"\F490"}.ion-ios-pulse:before{content:"\F493"}.ion-ios-pulse-strong:before{content:"\F492"}.ion-ios-rainy:before{content:"\F495"}.ion-ios-rainy-outline:before{content:"\F494"}.ion-ios-recording:before{content:"\F497"}.ion-ios-recording-outline:before{content:"\F496"}.ion-ios-redo:before{content:"\F499"}.ion-ios-redo-outline:before{content:"\F498"}.ion-ios-refresh:before{content:"\F49C"}.ion-ios-refresh-empty:before{content:"\F49A"}.ion-ios-refresh-outline:before{content:"\F49B"}.ion-ios-reload:before{content:"\F49D"}.ion-ios-reverse-camera:before{content:"\F49F"}.ion-ios-reverse-camera-outline:before{content:"\F49E"}.ion-ios-rewind:before{content:"\F4A1"}.ion-ios-rewind-outline:before{content:"\F4A0"}.ion-ios-rose:before{content:"\F4A3"}.ion-ios-rose-outline:before{content:"\F4A2"}.ion-ios-search:before{content:"\F4A5"}.ion-ios-search-strong:before{content:"\F4A4"}.ion-ios-settings:before{content:"\F4A7"}.ion-ios-settings-strong:before{content:"\F4A6"}.ion-ios-shuffle:before{content:"\F4A9"}.ion-ios-shuffle-strong:before{content:"\F4A8"}.ion-ios-skipbackward:before{content:"\F4AB"}.ion-ios-skipbackward-outline:before{content:"\F4AA"}.ion-ios-skipforward:before{content:"\F4AD"}.ion-ios-skipforward-outline:before{content:"\F4AC"}.ion-ios-snowy:before{content:"\F4AE"}.ion-ios-speedometer:before{content:"\F4B0"}.ion-ios-speedometer-outline:before{content:"\F4AF"}.ion-ios-star:before{content:"\F4B3"}.ion-ios-star-half:before{content:"\F4B1"}.ion-ios-star-outline:before{content:"\F4B2"}.ion-ios-stopwatch:before{content:"\F4B5"}.ion-ios-stopwatch-outline:before{content:"\F4B4"}.ion-ios-sunny:before{content:"\F4B7"}.ion-ios-sunny-outline:before{content:"\F4B6"}.ion-ios-telephone:before{content:"\F4B9"}.ion-ios-telephone-outline:before{content:"\F4B8"}.ion-ios-tennisball:before{content:"\F4BB"}.ion-ios-tennisball-outline:before{content:"\F4BA"}.ion-ios-thunderstorm:before{content:"\F4BD"}.ion-ios-thunderstorm-outline:before{content:"\F4BC"}.ion-ios-time:before{content:"\F4BF"}.ion-ios-time-outline:before{content:"\F4BE"}.ion-ios-timer:before{content:"\F4C1"}.ion-ios-timer-outline:before{content:"\F4C0"}.ion-ios-toggle:before{content:"\F4C3"}.ion-ios-toggle-outline:before{content:"\F4C2"}.ion-ios-trash:before{content:"\F4C5"}.ion-ios-trash-outline:before{content:"\F4C4"}.ion-ios-undo:before{content:"\F4C7"}.ion-ios-undo-outline:before{content:"\F4C6"}.ion-ios-unlocked:before{content:"\F4C9"}.ion-ios-unlocked-outline:before{content:"\F4C8"}.ion-ios-upload:before{content:"\F4CB"}.ion-ios-upload-outline:before{content:"\F4CA"}.ion-ios-videocam:before{content:"\F4CD"}.ion-ios-videocam-outline:before{content:"\F4CC"}.ion-ios-volume-high:before{content:"\F4CE"}.ion-ios-volume-low:before{content:"\F4CF"}.ion-ios-wineglass:before{content:"\F4D1"}.ion-ios-wineglass-outline:before{content:"\F4D0"}.ion-ios-world:before{content:"\F4D3"}.ion-ios-world-outline:before{content:"\F4D2"}.ion-ipad:before{content:"\F1F9"}.ion-iphone:before{content:"\F1FA"}.ion-ipod:before{content:"\F1FB"}.ion-jet:before{content:"\F295"}.ion-key:before{content:"\F296"}.ion-knife:before{content:"\F297"}.ion-laptop:before{content:"\F1FC"}.ion-leaf:before{content:"\F1FD"}.ion-levels:before{content:"\F298"}.ion-lightbulb:before{content:"\F299"}.ion-link:before{content:"\F1FE"}.ion-load-a:before{content:"\F29A"}.ion-load-b:before{content:"\F29B"}.ion-load-c:before{content:"\F29C"}.ion-load-d:before{content:"\F29D"}.ion-location:before{content:"\F1FF"}.ion-lock-combination:before{content:"\F4D4"}.ion-locked:before{content:"\F200"}.ion-log-in:before{content:"\F29E"}.ion-log-out:before{content:"\F29F"}.ion-loop:before{content:"\F201"}.ion-magnet:before{content:"\F2A0"}.ion-male:before{content:"\F2A1"}.ion-man:before{content:"\F202"}.ion-map:before{content:"\F203"}.ion-medkit:before{content:"\F2A2"}.ion-merge:before{content:"\F33F"}.ion-mic-a:before{content:"\F204"}.ion-mic-b:before{content:"\F205"}.ion-mic-c:before{content:"\F206"}.ion-minus:before{content:"\F209"}.ion-minus-circled:before{content:"\F207"}.ion-minus-round:before{content:"\F208"}.ion-model-s:before{content:"\F2C1"}.ion-monitor:before{content:"\F20A"}.ion-more:before{content:"\F20B"}.ion-mouse:before{content:"\F340"}.ion-music-note:before{content:"\F20C"}.ion-navicon:before{content:"\F20E"}.ion-navicon-round:before{content:"\F20D"}.ion-navigate:before{content:"\F2A3"}.ion-network:before{content:"\F341"}.ion-no-smoking:before{content:"\F2C2"}.ion-nuclear:before{content:"\F2A4"}.ion-outlet:before{content:"\F342"}.ion-paintbrush:before{content:"\F4D5"}.ion-paintbucket:before{content:"\F4D6"}.ion-paper-airplane:before{content:"\F2C3"}.ion-paperclip:before{content:"\F20F"}.ion-pause:before{content:"\F210"}.ion-person:before{content:"\F213"}.ion-person-add:before{content:"\F211"}.ion-person-stalker:before{content:"\F212"}.ion-pie-graph:before{content:"\F2A5"}.ion-pin:before{content:"\F2A6"}.ion-pinpoint:before{content:"\F2A7"}.ion-pizza:before{content:"\F2A8"}.ion-plane:before{content:"\F214"}.ion-planet:before{content:"\F343"}.ion-play:before{content:"\F215"}.ion-playstation:before{content:"\F30A"}.ion-plus:before{content:"\F218"}.ion-plus-circled:before{content:"\F216"}.ion-plus-round:before{content:"\F217"}.ion-podium:before{content:"\F344"}.ion-pound:before{content:"\F219"}.ion-power:before{content:"\F2A9"}.ion-pricetag:before{content:"\F2AA"}.ion-pricetags:before{content:"\F2AB"}.ion-printer:before{content:"\F21A"}.ion-pull-request:before{content:"\F345"}.ion-qr-scanner:before{content:"\F346"}.ion-quote:before{content:"\F347"}.ion-radio-waves:before{content:"\F2AC"}.ion-record:before{content:"\F21B"}.ion-refresh:before{content:"\F21C"}.ion-reply:before{content:"\F21E"}.ion-reply-all:before{content:"\F21D"}.ion-ribbon-a:before{content:"\F348"}.ion-ribbon-b:before{content:"\F349"}.ion-sad:before{content:"\F34A"}.ion-sad-outline:before{content:"\F4D7"}.ion-scissors:before{content:"\F34B"}.ion-search:before{content:"\F21F"}.ion-settings:before{content:"\F2AD"}.ion-share:before{content:"\F220"}.ion-shuffle:before{content:"\F221"}.ion-skip-backward:before{content:"\F222"}.ion-skip-forward:before{content:"\F223"}.ion-social-android:before{content:"\F225"}.ion-social-android-outline:before{content:"\F224"}.ion-social-angular:before{content:"\F4D9"}.ion-social-angular-outline:before{content:"\F4D8"}.ion-social-apple:before{content:"\F227"}.ion-social-apple-outline:before{content:"\F226"}.ion-social-bitcoin:before{content:"\F2AF"}.ion-social-bitcoin-outline:before{content:"\F2AE"}.ion-social-buffer:before{content:"\F229"}.ion-social-buffer-outline:before{content:"\F228"}.ion-social-chrome:before{content:"\F4DB"}.ion-social-chrome-outline:before{content:"\F4DA"}.ion-social-codepen:before{content:"\F4DD"}.ion-social-codepen-outline:before{content:"\F4DC"}.ion-social-css3:before{content:"\F4DF"}.ion-social-css3-outline:before{content:"\F4DE"}.ion-social-designernews:before{content:"\F22B"}.ion-social-designernews-outline:before{content:"\F22A"}.ion-social-dribbble:before{content:"\F22D"}.ion-social-dribbble-outline:before{content:"\F22C"}.ion-social-dropbox:before{content:"\F22F"}.ion-social-dropbox-outline:before{content:"\F22E"}.ion-social-euro:before{content:"\F4E1"}.ion-social-euro-outline:before{content:"\F4E0"}.ion-social-facebook:before{content:"\F231"}.ion-social-facebook-outline:before{content:"\F230"}.ion-social-foursquare:before{content:"\F34D"}.ion-social-foursquare-outline:before{content:"\F34C"}.ion-social-freebsd-devil:before{content:"\F2C4"}.ion-social-github:before{content:"\F233"}.ion-social-github-outline:before{content:"\F232"}.ion-social-google:before{content:"\F34F"}.ion-social-google-outline:before{content:"\F34E"}.ion-social-googleplus:before{content:"\F235"}.ion-social-googleplus-outline:before{content:"\F234"}.ion-social-hackernews:before{content:"\F237"}.ion-social-hackernews-outline:before{content:"\F236"}.ion-social-html5:before{content:"\F4E3"}.ion-social-html5-outline:before{content:"\F4E2"}.ion-social-instagram:before{content:"\F351"}.ion-social-instagram-outline:before{content:"\F350"}.ion-social-javascript:before{content:"\F4E5"}.ion-social-javascript-outline:before{content:"\F4E4"}.ion-social-linkedin:before{content:"\F239"}.ion-social-linkedin-outline:before{content:"\F238"}.ion-social-markdown:before{content:"\F4E6"}.ion-social-nodejs:before{content:"\F4E7"}.ion-social-octocat:before{content:"\F4E8"}.ion-social-pinterest:before{content:"\F2B1"}.ion-social-pinterest-outline:before{content:"\F2B0"}.ion-social-python:before{content:"\F4E9"}.ion-social-reddit:before{content:"\F23B"}.ion-social-reddit-outline:before{content:"\F23A"}.ion-social-rss:before{content:"\F23D"}.ion-social-rss-outline:before{content:"\F23C"}.ion-social-sass:before{content:"\F4EA"}.ion-social-skype:before{content:"\F23F"}.ion-social-skype-outline:before{content:"\F23E"}.ion-social-snapchat:before{content:"\F4EC"}.ion-social-snapchat-outline:before{content:"\F4EB"}.ion-social-tumblr:before{content:"\F241"}.ion-social-tumblr-outline:before{content:"\F240"}.ion-social-tux:before{content:"\F2C5"}.ion-social-twitch:before{content:"\F4EE"}.ion-social-twitch-outline:before{content:"\F4ED"}.ion-social-twitter:before{content:"\F243"}.ion-social-twitter-outline:before{content:"\F242"}.ion-social-usd:before{content:"\F353"}.ion-social-usd-outline:before{content:"\F352"}.ion-social-vimeo:before{content:"\F245"}.ion-social-vimeo-outline:before{content:"\F244"}.ion-social-whatsapp:before{content:"\F4F0"}.ion-social-whatsapp-outline:before{content:"\F4EF"}.ion-social-windows:before{content:"\F247"}.ion-social-windows-outline:before{content:"\F246"}.ion-social-wordpress:before{content:"\F249"}.ion-social-wordpress-outline:before{content:"\F248"}.ion-social-yahoo:before{content:"\F24B"}.ion-social-yahoo-outline:before{content:"\F24A"}.ion-social-yen:before{content:"\F4F2"}.ion-social-yen-outline:before{content:"\F4F1"}.ion-social-youtube:before{content:"\F24D"}.ion-social-youtube-outline:before{content:"\F24C"}.ion-soup-can:before{content:"\F4F4"}.ion-soup-can-outline:before{content:"\F4F3"}.ion-speakerphone:before{content:"\F2B2"}.ion-speedometer:before{content:"\F2B3"}.ion-spoon:before{content:"\F2B4"}.ion-star:before{content:"\F24E"}.ion-stats-bars:before{content:"\F2B5"}.ion-steam:before{content:"\F30B"}.ion-stop:before{content:"\F24F"}.ion-thermometer:before{content:"\F2B6"}.ion-thumbsdown:before{content:"\F250"}.ion-thumbsup:before{content:"\F251"}.ion-toggle:before{content:"\F355"}.ion-toggle-filled:before{content:"\F354"}.ion-transgender:before{content:"\F4F5"}.ion-trash-a:before{content:"\F252"}.ion-trash-b:before{content:"\F253"}.ion-trophy:before{content:"\F356"}.ion-tshirt:before{content:"\F4F7"}.ion-tshirt-outline:before{content:"\F4F6"}.ion-umbrella:before{content:"\F2B7"}.ion-university:before{content:"\F357"}.ion-unlocked:before{content:"\F254"}.ion-upload:before{content:"\F255"}.ion-usb:before{content:"\F2B8"}.ion-videocamera:before{content:"\F256"}.ion-volume-high:before{content:"\F257"}.ion-volume-low:before{content:"\F258"}.ion-volume-medium:before{content:"\F259"}.ion-volume-mute:before{content:"\F25A"}.ion-wand:before{content:"\F358"}.ion-waterdrop:before{content:"\F25B"}.ion-wifi:before{content:"\F25C"}.ion-wineglass:before{content:"\F2B9"}.ion-woman:before{content:"\F25D"}.ion-wrench:before{content:"\F2BA"}.ion-xbox:before{content:"\F30C"}.btn{background-color:transparent;text-align:left;border:2px solid #000;padding:30px 10px 8px;font-family:NeueHaas;font-size:18px;font-weight:700;-webkit-transition:.2s ease;transition:.2s ease;width:100%;position:relative;outline:none;display:block}@media (min-width: 850px){.btn{display:inline-block;padding:30px 100px 8px 10px;width:auto}}.btn:hover{background-color:#000;border-color:#000;color:#fff}.btn:active{background-color:transparent;background-color:#000;color:white}.btn--block{display:block;width:100%}.touch .btn--add:hover{background-color:initial;border-color:initial;color:initial}.touch .btn--add:active{background-color:initial;background-color:initial;color:initial}.btn--add__icon{display:block;width:12px;height:12px;position:absolute;top:10px;right:10px;background-size:contain;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/plus.svg")}.btn--add:hover .btn--add__icon{background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/plus--white.svg")}.touch .btn--add:hover .btn--add__icon{background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/plus.svg")}.btn--add:active .btn--add__icon{background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/plus--white.svg")}.touch .btn--add:active .btn--add__icon{background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/plus.svg")}@media (min-width: 850px){.btn--lock{width:175px;padding-right:50px;padding-top:20px}}.btn--lock:before{display:inline-block;font-family:"Ionicons";speak:none;font-size:24px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;text-rendering:auto;line-height:1;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;content:"\F200";position:absolute;top:9px;right:9px;font-size:16px}.btn--primary:before{content:'';width:11px;height:11px;position:absolute;top:9px;right:9px;background-size:contain;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/angle-arrow.svg")}.btn--primary:hover:before{background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/angle-arrow--white.svg")}.btn--primary--blackbg{border:2px solid #fff}.btn--primary--blackbg:before{content:'';width:11px;height:11px;position:absolute;top:9px;right:9px;background-size:contain;background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/angle-arrow--white.svg")}.btn--primary--blackbg:hover{background-color:#fff;border-color:#fff;color:#000}.btn--primary--blackbg:hover:before{background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/angle-arrow.svg")}.btn--primary--blackbg:active{background-color:transparent;background-color:#fff;color:#000}.btn--primary--transparent .btn__icon--angle-arrow{display:block}.btn--primary--transparent__icon{width:11px;height:11px;position:absolute;top:9px;right:9px}.btn--primary--transparent .btn--primary--transparent__icon .btn__icon--angle-arrow polygon{fill:currentColor}.btn--primary--transparent:hover .btn--primary--transparent__icon .btn__icon--angle-arrow polygon{fill:currentColor}.custom-mit{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiIHN0YW5kYWxvbmU9Im5vIj8+CjxzdmcgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiIGhlaWdodD0iMTY2IiB3aWR0aD0iMzIxIj4KIDxwYXRoIHN0cm9rZS13aWR0aD0iMzUiIHN0cm9rZT0iIzAwMCIgZD0ibTE3LjUsMCwwLDE2Nm01Ny0xNjYsMCwxMTNtNTctMTEzLDAsMTY2bTU3LTE2NiwwLDMzbTU4LDIwLDAsMTEzIi8+CiA8cGF0aCBzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg9IjM1IiBkPSJtMTg4LjUsNTMsMCwxMTMiIHN0cm9rZT0iIzY2NiIvPgogPHBhdGggc3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoPSIzMyIgZD0ibTIyOSwxNi41LDkyLDAiIHN0cm9rZT0iIzAwMCIvPgo8L3N2Zz4K")}.l-promo{max-width:1240px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 10px;overflow:hidden;color:#fff;margin-bottom:20px}@media (min-width: 550px){.l-promo{padding:0 15px}}@media (min-width: 750px){.l-promo{padding:0 30px}}@media (min-width: 550px){.l-promo{margin-top:30px;margin-bottom:30px}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.l-promo{margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:50px}}.promo__cta{position:relative;display:block;-webkit-transition:all .2s ease;transition:all .2s ease;margin-top:45px;clear:both}@media (min-width: 550px){.promo__cta{clear:none;margin-top:0;padding:30px 30px 7px 9px;width:172px;border:2px solid #fff}.promo__cta:hover{background-color:#fff}.pub-promo--darktext .promo__cta:hover{background-color:#000}.pub-promo--darktext .promo__cta{border-color:#000}}@media (min-width: 850px){.promo__cta{margin:0;position:absolute;top:25px;right:25px}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.promo__cta{top:35px;right:35px}}.promo__cta--event{margin:45px 15px 15px}@media (min-width: 550px){.promo__cta--event{margin:0 25px 0 20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.promo__cta--event{margin:0}}.promo__cta__text{display:inline-block;font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:17px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.1;color:#fff}@media (min-width: 550px){.promo__cta__text{font-size:18px;font-weight:700}.promo__cta:hover .promo__cta__text{color:#000}}.pub-promo--darktext .promo__cta__text{color:#222}@media (min-width: 550px){.promo__cta--pub .promo__cta__text{-webkit-background-clip:text;-webkit-text-fill-color:#fff}.pub-promo--darktext .promo__cta--pub .promo__cta__text{-webkit-text-fill-color:#222}.promo__cta--pub .promo__cta__icon{background:transparent}.promo__cta--pub .btn__icon--angle-arrow{display:block}.pub-promo--darktext .promo__cta--pub polygon{fill:#000}.promo__cta--pub:hover .promo__cta__text{-webkit-text-fill-color:transparent}.promo__cta--pub:hover .btn__icon--angle-arrow polygon{fill:currentColor}.promo__cta--pub:hover .promo__cta__icon{background:transparent}}@media (min-width: 550px){.promo__cta--pub{position:relative;top:auto;right:auto;margin-top:30px}}@media (min-width: 550px) and (max-width: 849px){.promo__cta--pub{width:230px;margin-top:20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.promo__cta--pub{margin:0;position:absolute;top:35px;right:35px}}.promo__cta__icon{display:inline-block;width:25px;height:12px;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/arrow--white.svg");background-size:contain;margin-left:3px;background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat}@media (min-width: 550px){.promo__cta__icon{width:11px;height:11px;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/angle-arrow--white.svg");position:absolute;top:22px;right:9px}.promo__cta:hover .promo__cta__icon{background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/angle-arrow.svg")}.pub-promo .promo__cta:hover .promo__cta__icon{background:transparent}}.pub-promo--darktext .promo__cta__icon{background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/arrow.svg")}@media (min-width: 550px){.promo__cta__icon{top:9px}}.btn__icon--angle-arrow{display:none}.pub-promo{overflow:hidden;position:relative;padding:15px;color:#fff}@media (min-width: 550px){.pub-promo{padding:20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.pub-promo{padding:25px}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.pub-promo{padding:35px}}.pub-promo--darktext{color:#222}@media (min-width: 550px){.pub-promo__text-mod{overflow:hidden}}@media (min-width: 850px){.pub-promo__text-mod{overflow:auto}}@media (min-width: 550px){.pub-promo__hgroup{width:100%}}@media (min-width: 850px){.pub-promo__hgroup{padding-top:10px}}.pub-promo__hgroup+.pub-promo__contents-mod{margin-top:10px}@media (min-width: 550px){.pub-promo__hgroup+.pub-promo__contents-mod{margin-top:25px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.pub-promo__hgroup+.pub-promo__contents-mod{margin-top:50px}}.pub-promo__price{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:6px}@media (min-width: 550px){.pub-promo__price{margin-bottom:0;float:right;font-size:23px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.pub-promo__price{margin-bottom:7px;float:none;font-size:18px}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.pub-promo__price{margin-bottom:0;line-height:0.85;position:absolute;bottom:35px;left:35px;font-size:65px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;font-weight:300}}.pub-promo__date{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:6px}@media (min-width: 550px){.pub-promo__date{margin-bottom:0;float:right;font-size:23px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.pub-promo__date{margin-bottom:7px;float:none;font-size:18px}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.pub-promo__date{margin-bottom:0;line-height:0.85;position:absolute;bottom:35px;left:35px;font-size:65px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;font-weight:300}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.pub-promo__date__year{display:block}}.pub-promo__overline{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px;margin-bottom:13px}@media (min-width: 550px){.pub-promo__overline{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:20px}}.pub-promo--purchase--magazine .pub-promo__overline{margin-bottom:0.5rem}.pub-promo__title{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:22px;font-weight:700;line-height:1}@media (min-width: 550px){.pub-promo__title{font-size:24px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.pub-promo__title{width:60%}}.pub-promo--business-reports .pub-promo__title{font-family:"MillerDisplay",serif;font-size:28px;font-weight:700;line-height:0.85}@media (min-width: 550px){.pub-promo--business-reports .pub-promo__title{font-size:49px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}}.pub-promo--purchase--magazine .pub-promo__title{line-height:1.3}.pub-promo__subtitle{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:17px;font-weight:400;max-width:500px;margin-top:10px}@media (min-width: 550px){.pub-promo__subtitle{font-size:19px}}.pub-promo--purchase--magazine .pub-promo__subtitle{margin-top:24px}.pub-promo__cover-mod{width:33.33333%;float:left;margin-bottom:10px}@media (min-width: 401px){.pub-promo__cover-mod{width:235px;margin-bottom:0}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.pub-promo__cover-mod{margin-left:215px;width:25%}}.pub-promo__cover{width:100%;-webkit-box-shadow:6px 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);box-shadow:6px 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.2)}@media (min-width: 550px){.pub-promo__cover{-webkit-box-shadow:20px 20px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);box-shadow:20px 20px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.2)}}@media (min-width: 850px){.pub-promo__cover{margin-bottom:-18px}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.pub-promo__cover{margin-bottom:-30px}}.pub-promo__cover--noshadow{-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none}.pub-promo__contents-mod{clear:both}@media (min-width: 550px){.pub-promo__contents-mod{clear:none;overflow:hidden;width:100%}}.pub-promo__contents__title{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px;margin-bottom:10px}@media (min-width: 550px){.pub-promo__contents__title{font-size:15px;font-weight:600}}.pub-promo__contents__list{border-top:3px solid #fff}.pub-promo--darktext .pub-promo__contents__list{border-top-color:#000}.pub-promo__contents__item{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:600}@media (max-width: 849px){.pub-promo__contents__item{display:none}.pub-promo__contents__item:nth-of-type(1),.pub-promo__contents__item:nth-of-type(2),.pub-promo__contents__item:nth-of-type(3){display:block}}@media (min-width: 850px){.pub-promo__contents__item{display:block;width:50%;float:left}.pub-promo__contents__item:nth-of-type(2n+3){clear:left}.pub-promo__contents__item:nth-child(odd){padding-right:10px}.pub-promo__contents__item:nth-child(odd):nth-last-of-type(2) .pub-promo__contents__link{border-bottom:0}.pub-promo__contents__item:nth-child(even){padding-left:10px}.pub-promo__contents__item:last-of-type .pub-promo__contents__link{border-bottom:0}}.pub-promo__contents__link{display:block;padding:10px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #fff;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;padding-right:30px;position:relative}.pub-promo__contents__link:after{content:" ";display:block;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;width:26px;background-position:50% 50%;background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/arrow--white.svg");opacity:0;-webkit-transition:all .2s ease;transition:all .2s ease;-webkit-transform:translateX(-5px);transform:translateX(-5px)}.pub-promo--darktext .pub-promo__contents__link:after{background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/arrow.svg")}.pub-promo__contents__link:hover:after{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateX(0);transform:translateX(0)}.pub-promo--darktext .pub-promo__contents__link{border-bottom-color:#000}.pub-promo__sponsor{margin-top:30px;font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;position:relative;float:right}.pub-promo__sponsor__logo{width:125px;margin-left:5px}.br-promo{position:relative;width:100%;padding:10px 0;font-size:20px;font-weight:400;color:#fff;padding:18px 15px;background-color:#85939b;margin-bottom:30px;display:block}.br-promo:after{content:" ";display:table;clear:both}.br-promo:hover em:after{-webkit-transform:translate(8px);transform:translate(8px)}.br-promo em{font-style:normal;font-weight:700}.br-promo em:after{content:" ";display:inline-block;width:30px;height:12px;margin-left:10px;background-position:50% 50%;background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/arrow--white.svg");-webkit-transition:all .2s ease;transition:all .2s ease}@media (min-width: 850px){.br-promo em:after{width:60px;height:25px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.br-promo{font-size:42px;padding:25px 25px}}.br-promo__box{overflow:auto;display:none;position:relative;font-size:19px;width:245px;height:245px;border:1px solid white}.br-promo__box p{font-weight:600;font-size:20px;position:absolute;bottom:10px;left:11px}@media (min-width: 850px){.br-promo__box{display:inline-block}}.br-promo__tz{position:relative;margin-left:25px;width:65%;display:inline-block}.br-promo__tz p{padding:5px 0 0 5px}@media (min-width: 850px){.br-promo__tz{position:absolute}}.event-promo{position:relative;overflow:hidden;background:#000}@media (min-width: 550px){.event-promo{padding-bottom:20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.event-promo{padding-bottom:0;min-height:290px}}.event-promo__color-block{overflow:hidden;display:block;padding:10px 15px}@media (min-width: 550px){.event-promo__color-block{padding:12px 20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.event-promo__color-block{padding:20px;width:270px;position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.event-promo__color-block__hgroup{width:50%;float:right;text-align:right}@media (min-width: 850px){.event-promo__color-block__hgroup{margin-bottom:50px;width:100%;float:none;text-align:left}}.event-promo__date,.event-promo__location{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:600}@media (min-width: 850px){.event-promo__date,.event-promo__location{font-size:24px}}.event-promo__logo-mod{max-width:90px;width:50%;float:left;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width: 550px){.event-promo__logo-mod{max-width:100px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.event-promo__logo-mod{margin-top:0;max-width:180px;position:absolute;bottom:20px;left:20px;float:none}}.event-promo__logo{width:100%}.event-promo__hgroup{padding:20px 15px 0}@media (min-width: 550px){.event-promo__hgroup{padding:20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.event-promo__hgroup{margin-left:270px;padding:35px}}.event-promo__title{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:27px;font-weight:600;line-height:1;margin-bottom:8px}@media (min-width: 550px) and (max-width: 849px){.event-promo__title{font-size:36px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}}@media (min-width: 850px){.event-promo__title{font-size:44px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;margin-bottom:20px;padding-right:190px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.event-promo__title--no-cta{padding-right:0}}.event-promo__desc{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:17px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.4;max-width:750px}@media (min-width: 850px){.event-promo__desc{font-size:20px}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.event-promo__desc{max-width:none;padding-right:190px}}.event-promo__secondary-ctas{padding:20px 15px 15px 15px}@media (min-width: 550px){.event-promo__secondary-ctas{padding:20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.event-promo__secondary-ctas{margin-left:270px;padding:5px 35px 35px 35px}}.event-promo__secondary-cta{padding-bottom:5px;font-weight:700;display:block}.event-promo__secondary-cta:hover:after{-webkit-transform:translateX(4px);transform:translateX(4px)}.event-promo__secondary-cta:after{-webkit-transition:all 0.2s ease;transition:all 0.2s ease;display:inline-block;content:'';width:33px;height:11px;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/arrow--white.svg");background-size:100%;margin-left:5px;background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat}.event-promo__secondary-cta:last-child{padding-bottom:0}.conversation-promo{background-color:#000;color:#fff;position:relative;padding:0 15px 15px}@media (min-width: 550px){.conversation-promo{padding:0 20px 20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.conversation-promo{display:-webkit-box;display:-moz-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-moz-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;-moz-align-items:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;-moz-align-items:center;align-items:center;min-height:290px}}.conversation-promo__logo-block{display:none}@media (min-width: 850px){.conversation-promo__logo-block{width:25%;margin-left:13px;padding:30px 30px;display:block;float:left}}.conversation-promo__logo{width:100%}.conversation-promo__overline{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:600;padding:13px 0 11px;margin-bottom:20px;border-bottom:1px solid #fff}@media (min-width: 850px){.conversation-promo__overline{display:none}}.conversations-promo__overline__link{display:block}@media (min-width: 850px){.conversations-promo__overline__link{display:none}}@media (min-width: 850px){.conversation-promo__hgroup{width:75%;padding:35px 30px 35px 22px}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.conversation-promo__hgroup{padding:35px 60px 35px 22px}}.conversation-promo__title{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:27px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;margin-bottom:20px}@media (min-width: 550px) and (max-width: 849px){.conversation-promo__title{font-size:36px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}}@media (min-width: 850px){.conversation-promo__title{font-size:42px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;margin-bottom:20px}}.conversation-promo__dek{max-width:750px;margin-bottom:24px;font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:17px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.23}@media (min-width: 401px){.conversation-promo__dek{margin-bottom:32px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.conversation-promo__dek{margin-bottom:40px;font-size:22px}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.conversation-promo__dek{max-width:none;margin-bottom:54px}}.conversation-promo__link{font-weight:bold}.conversation-promo__cta{font-weight:700;display:inline-block}.conversation-promo__cta:hover:after{-webkit-transform:translateX(4px);transform:translateX(4px)}.conversation-promo__cta:after{-webkit-transition:all 0.2s ease;transition:all 0.2s ease;display:inline-block;content:'';width:33px;height:11px;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/arrow--white.svg");background-size:100%;margin-left:5px;background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat}.article-promo{background-color:#000;color:#fff;position:relative;padding:0 15px 15px}@media (min-width: 550px){.article-promo{padding:0 20px 20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.article-promo{padding:25px;min-height:290px;padding:0}}.article-promo__subtopic-mod{display:block}@media (min-width: 850px){.article-promo__subtopic-mod{position:absolute;top:25px;bottom:25px;left:25px;border:1px solid #fff;padding:15px;width:245px}}.article-promo__subtopic{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:600;padding:13px 0 11px;margin-bottom:20px;border-bottom:1px solid #fff}@media (min-width: 850px){.article-promo__subtopic{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:21px;font-weight:600;position:absolute;bottom:11px;border-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;padding:0}}@media (min-width: 850px){.article-promo__hgroup{margin-left:265px;padding:35px}}.article-promo__title{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:27px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.1;margin-bottom:11px}@media (min-width: 550px) and (max-width: 849px){.article-promo__title{font-size:36px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}}@media (min-width: 850px){.article-promo__title{font-size:44px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;margin-bottom:20px}}.article-promo__subtitle{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:17px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:40px;max-width:750px}@media (min-width: 850px){.article-promo__subtitle{font-size:19px;margin-bottom:20px}}.article-promo__byline{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:17px;font-weight:400}@media (min-width: 850px){.article-promo__byline{font-size:18px}}.article-promo__byline-link:hover{text-decoration:underline}.article-promo__byline-link-arrow{font-weight:bold}.article-promo__byline-link-arrow:after{display:inline-block;content:"";width:24px;height:10px;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/arrow--white.svg");background-size:100%;margin-left:8px;background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat}.article-promo--br{background:#E4EFF9;color:#000}@media (min-width: 850px){.article-promo--br .article-promo__subtopic-mod{border-color:#000}}.article-promo--br .article-promo__subtopic{border-bottom:1px solid #000}@media (min-width: 850px){.article-promo--br .article-promo__subtopic{border-bottom:0}}.article-promo--br .article-promo__title{font-family:"MillerDisplay",serif;font-size:28px;font-weight:700}@media (min-width: 550px){.article-promo--br .article-promo__title{font-size:32px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}}@media (min-width: 850px){.article-promo--br .article-promo__title{font-size:38px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.article-promo--br .article-promo__title{font-size:46px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}}.channel-promo{background-color:#000;color:#fff;position:relative;padding:0 15px 15px}@media (min-width: 550px){.channel-promo{padding:0 20px 20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.channel-promo{padding:20px 20px 25px;min-height:275px}}.channel-promo__label{display:block;padding:10px 0}@media (min-width: 850px){.channel-promo__label{position:absolute;top:20px;bottom:25px;left:20px;border:1px solid #fff;padding:15px;width:260px}}.channel-promo__label{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:24px;font-weight:300}@media (min-width: 850px){.channel-promo__label{font-size:30px}}.channel-promo__label__channel-name{font-weight:600}@media (min-width: 850px){.channel-promo__label__channel-name{display:inline-block;width:100%}}@media (min-width: 850px){.l-channel-promo__inner{position:absolute;top:20px;right:20px;bottom:20px;left:301px}}.channel-promo__themes__list{border-top:3px solid #fff;overflow:hidden;position:relative}@media (min-width: 850px){.channel-promo__themes__list{width:100%;position:absolute;bottom:0}}.channel-promo__themes__item{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:300}@media (min-width: 850px){.channel-promo__themes__item{display:block;width:33.33%;float:left;font-size:20px}.channel-promo__themes__item:nth-of-type(3n+1){clear:left;padding-right:15px}.channel-promo__themes__item:nth-of-type(3n+2){padding:0 15px}.channel-promo__themes__item:nth-of-type(3n){padding-left:15px}.channel-promo__themes__item:nth-last-of-type(3) .channel-promo__themes__link,.channel-promo__themes__item:nth-last-of-type(2) .channel-promo__themes__link,.channel-promo__themes__item:nth-last-of-type(1) .channel-promo__themes__link{border-bottom:0}}.channel-promo__themes__link{display:block;padding:15px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #fff;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;padding-right:30px;position:relative}@media (min-width: 850px){.channel-promo__themes__link{padding:20px 0}}.channel-promo__themes__link:after{content:" ";display:block;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;width:26px;background-position:50% 50%;background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/arrow--white.svg");opacity:0;-webkit-transition:all .2s ease;transition:all .2s ease;-webkit-transform:translateX(-5px);transform:translateX(-5px)}.channel-promo__themes__link:hover:after{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateX(0);transform:translateX(0)}.br-archive-promo{overflow:hidden;position:relative;padding:15px;color:#fff;background-color:#b2c2cb}@media (min-width: 550px){.br-archive-promo{padding:20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.br-archive-promo{padding:25px}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.br-archive-promo{padding:35px 210px}}@media (min-width: 550px){.br-archive-promo .promo__cta .promo__cta__icon{background:transparent;color:#b2c2cb}.br-archive-promo .promo__cta .promo__cta__icon .btn__icon--angle-arrow{display:block}.br-archive-promo .promo__cta:hover .promo__cta__text{color:#b2c2cb}.br-archive-promo .promo__cta:hover .btn__icon--angle-arrow polygon{fill:currentColor}}@media (min-width: 550px) and (max-width: 849px){.br-archive-promo .promo__cta{margin-top:20px}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.br-archive-promo .promo__cta{top:35px;right:210px;margin-top:0}}.br-archive-promo__overline{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px;margin-bottom:13px}@media (min-width: 550px){.br-archive-promo__overline{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:20px}}.br-archive-promo__title{font-family:"MillerDisplay",serif;font-size:28px;font-weight:700;line-height:0.85}@media (min-width: 550px){.br-archive-promo__title{font-size:49px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}}@media (min-width: 850px){.br-archive-promo__title{width:60%}}.br-archive-promo__subtitle{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:17px;font-weight:400;max-width:500px;margin-top:24px}@media (min-width: 550px){.br-archive-promo__subtitle{font-size:19px}}.br-archive-promo__list{margin-top:20px;border-top:3px solid #fff}.br-archive-promo__list__item{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:600}@media (max-width: 849px){.br-archive-promo__list__item{display:none}.br-archive-promo__list__item:nth-of-type(1),.br-archive-promo__list__item:nth-of-type(2),.br-archive-promo__list__item:nth-of-type(3){display:block}}@media (min-width: 850px){.br-archive-promo__list__item{display:block;width:50%;float:left}.br-archive-promo__list__item:nth-of-type(2n+3){clear:left}.br-archive-promo__list__item:nth-child(odd){padding-right:10px}.br-archive-promo__list__item:nth-child(odd):nth-last-of-type(2) .br-archive-promo__list__item__link{border-bottom:0}.br-archive-promo__list__item:nth-child(even){padding-left:10px}.br-archive-promo__list__item:last-of-type .br-archive-promo__list__item__link{border-bottom:0}}.br-archive-promo__list__item__link{display:block;padding:10px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #fff;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;padding-right:30px;position:relative}.br-archive-promo__list__item__link:after{content:" ";display:block;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;width:26px;background-position:50% 50%;background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/arrow--white.svg");opacity:0;-webkit-transition:all .2s ease;transition:all .2s ease;-webkit-transform:translateX(-5px);transform:translateX(-5px)}.br-archive-promo__list__item__link:hover:after{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateX(0);transform:translateX(0)}.list-promo{padding:20px 15px 15px;color:#000}.list-promo:after{content:" ";display:table;clear:both}.list-promo.list-promo--white{color:#fff !important}@media (min-width: 550px){.list-promo{padding:25px 20px 20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.list-promo{padding:40px 30px 30px}}.list-promo__logo{display:none}@media (min-width: 850px){.list-promo__logo{display:inline;width:280px;height:auto;float:left}}@media (min-width: 850px){.list-promo__hgroup{margin-left:370px}}.list-promo__title{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:27px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.1;margin-bottom:11px}@media (min-width: 550px) and (max-width: 849px){.list-promo__title{font-size:36px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}}@media (min-width: 850px){.list-promo__title{font-size:44px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;margin-bottom:20px}}.list-promo__subtitle{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:17px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:40px;max-width:750px}@media (min-width: 850px){.list-promo__subtitle{font-size:23px;margin-bottom:45px}}.list-promo .list-promo__cta{font-weight:bold}.list-promo .list-promo__cta:hover:after{-webkit-transform:translateX(4px);transform:translateX(4px)}.list-promo .list-promo__cta:after{-webkit-transition:all 0.2s ease;transition:all 0.2s ease;display:inline-block;content:'';width:33px;height:11px;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/arrow.svg");background-size:100%;margin-left:5px;background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat}.list-promo.list-promo--white .list-promo__cta{font-weight:bold}.list-promo.list-promo--white .list-promo__cta:hover:after{-webkit-transform:translateX(4px);transform:translateX(4px)}.list-promo.list-promo--white .list-promo__cta:after{-webkit-transition:all 0.2s ease;transition:all 0.2s ease;display:inline-block;content:'';width:33px;height:11px;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/arrow--white.svg");background-size:100%;margin-left:5px;background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat}@media (min-width: 750px){.l-list-promo__sponsor-container{display:-webkit-box;display:-moz-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;-moz-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;-moz-align-items:center;align-items:center}}@media (min-width: 850px){.l-list-promo__sponsor-container{display:block}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.l-list-promo__sponsor-container{display:-webkit-box;display:-moz-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;-moz-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;-moz-align-items:center;align-items:center}}.list-promo__sponsor{margin-top:20px}@media (min-width: 750px){.list-promo__sponsor{margin-top:0}}@media (min-width: 850px){.list-promo__sponsor{margin-top:30px}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.list-promo__sponsor{margin-top:0}}.insider-subs-promo{position:relative;overflow:hidden;background:#000}@media (min-width: 550px){.insider-subs-promo{padding-bottom:20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.insider-subs-promo{padding-bottom:0;min-height:290px}}.insider-subs-promo__color-block{overflow:hidden;display:block;padding:10px 15px}@media (min-width: 550px){.insider-subs-promo__color-block{padding:12px 20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.insider-subs-promo__color-block{padding:20px;width:270px;position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.insider-subs-promo__color-block__top-group{max-width:90px;width:50%;float:left;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width: 550px){.insider-subs-promo__color-block__top-group{max-width:100px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.insider-subs-promo__color-block__top-group{margin-top:0;max-width:180px;position:absolute;top:20px;left:20px;float:none}}.insider-subs-promo__color-block__bottom-group{display:none}@media (min-width: 850px){.insider-subs-promo__color-block__bottom-group{width:calc(100% - 40px);display:block;position:absolute;bottom:20px;left:20px}.insider-subs-promo__color-block__bottom-group:after{content:" ";display:table;clear:both}}.insider-subs-promo__logo{width:100%}.insider-subs-promo__icon{width:46%;border:1px solid #fff;float:left}.insider-subs-promo__icon--wrapped{width:46%;padding:1px;background-color:#fff;float:right}.insider-subs-promo__hgroup{padding:20px 15px 0}@media (min-width: 550px){.insider-subs-promo__hgroup{padding:20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.insider-subs-promo__hgroup{margin-left:270px;padding:35px}}.insider-subs-promo__title{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:27px;font-weight:600;line-height:1;margin-bottom:8px}@media (min-width: 550px) and (max-width: 849px){.insider-subs-promo__title{font-size:36px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}}@media (min-width: 850px){.insider-subs-promo__title{font-size:44px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;margin-bottom:20px;padding-right:190px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.insider-subs-promo__title--no-cta{padding-right:0}}.insider-subs-promo__desc{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:17px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.4;max-width:750px}@media (min-width: 850px){.insider-subs-promo__desc{font-size:20px}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.insider-subs-promo__desc{max-width:none;padding-right:190px}}.insider-subs-promo__secondary-ctas{padding:20px 15px 15px 15px}@media (min-width: 550px){.insider-subs-promo__secondary-ctas{padding:20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.insider-subs-promo__secondary-ctas{margin-left:270px;padding:5px 35px 35px 35px}}.insider-subs-promo__secondary-cta{padding-bottom:5px;font-weight:700;display:block}.insider-subs-promo__secondary-cta:hover:after{-webkit-transform:translateX(4px);transform:translateX(4px)}.insider-subs-promo__secondary-cta:after{-webkit-transition:all 0.2s ease;transition:all 0.2s ease;display:inline-block;content:'';width:33px;height:11px;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/arrow.svg");background-size:100%;margin-left:5px;background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat}.insider-subs-promo__secondary-cta:last-child{padding-bottom:0}.premium-features-promo{position:relative;overflow:hidden;background:#000}@media (min-width: 550px){.premium-features-promo{padding-bottom:20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.premium-features-promo{padding-bottom:0;min-height:290px}}.premium-features-promo__color-block{overflow:hidden;display:block;padding:10px 15px}@media (min-width: 550px){.premium-features-promo__color-block{padding:12px 20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.premium-features-promo__color-block{padding:20px;width:270px;position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.premium-features-promo__logo{max-width:90px;width:50%;float:left;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width: 550px){.premium-features-promo__logo{max-width:100px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.premium-features-promo__logo{display:none}}.premium-features-promo__icon{display:none}@media (min-width: 850px){.premium-features-promo__icon{width:100%;background-color:#fff;display:block}}.premium-features-promo__hgroup{padding:20px 15px 0}@media (min-width: 550px){.premium-features-promo__hgroup{padding:20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.premium-features-promo__hgroup{margin-left:270px;padding:35px}}.premium-features-promo__title{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:27px;font-weight:600;line-height:1;margin-bottom:8px}@media (min-width: 550px) and (max-width: 849px){.premium-features-promo__title{font-size:36px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}}@media (min-width: 850px){.premium-features-promo__title{font-size:44px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;margin-bottom:20px;padding-right:190px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.premium-features-promo__title--no-cta{padding-right:0}}.premium-features-promo__desc{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:17px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.4;max-width:750px}@media (min-width: 850px){.premium-features-promo__desc{font-size:20px}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.premium-features-promo__desc{max-width:none;padding-right:190px}}.premium-features-promo__secondary-ctas{padding:20px 15px 15px 15px}@media (min-width: 550px){.premium-features-promo__secondary-ctas{padding:20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.premium-features-promo__secondary-ctas{margin-left:270px;padding:5px 35px 35px 35px}}.premium-features-promo__secondary-cta{padding-bottom:5px;font-weight:700;display:block}.premium-features-promo__secondary-cta:hover:after{-webkit-transform:translateX(4px);transform:translateX(4px)}.premium-features-promo__secondary-cta:after{-webkit-transition:all 0.2s ease;transition:all 0.2s ease;display:inline-block;content:'';width:33px;height:11px;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/arrow.svg");background-size:100%;margin-left:5px;background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat}.premium-features-promo__secondary-cta:last-child{padding-bottom:0}.business-lab-promo{padding:20px 15px 15px;color:#000}.business-lab-promo:after{content:" ";display:table;clear:both}.business-lab-promo>a{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column}@media (min-width: 550px){.business-lab-promo>a{-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}}@media (min-width: 550px){.business-lab-promo{padding:25px 20px 20px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.business-lab-promo{padding:40px 30px 30px}}.business-lab-promo__logo{width:50%;margin-bottom:15px}@media (min-width: 550px){.business-lab-promo__logo{margin-bottom:0px;width:30%}}@media (min-width: 850px){.business-lab-promo__logo{display:inline;width:400px;height:auto}}.business-lab-promo__hgroup{margin-left:0px}@media (min-width: 550px){.business-lab-promo__hgroup{margin-left:50px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.business-lab-promo__hgroup{margin-left:50px}}.business-lab-promo__title{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:27px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.1;margin-bottom:11px;color:#fff}@media (min-width: 550px) and (max-width: 849px){.business-lab-promo__title{font-size:36px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}}@media (min-width: 850px){.business-lab-promo__title{font-size:44px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;margin-bottom:20px}}.business-lab-promo__subtitle{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:17px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:40px;max-width:750px;color:#fff}@media (min-width: 850px){.business-lab-promo__subtitle{font-size:23px;margin-bottom:45px}}.business-lab-promo .business-lab-promo__cta{font-weight:bold;color:#fff000}.business-lab-promo .business-lab-promo__cta:hover:after{-webkit-transform:translateX(4px);transform:translateX(4px)}.business-lab-promo .business-lab-promo__cta:after{-webkit-transition:all 0.2s ease;transition:all 0.2s ease;display:inline-block;content:'';width:33px;height:11px;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/arrow--yellow.svg");background-size:100%;margin-left:5px;background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat}@media (min-width: 750px){.l-business-lab-promo__sponsor-container{display:-webkit-box;display:-moz-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;-moz-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;-moz-align-items:center;align-items:center}}@media (min-width: 850px){.l-business-lab-promo__sponsor-container{display:block}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.l-business-lab-promo__sponsor-container{display:-webkit-box;display:-moz-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;-moz-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;-moz-align-items:center;align-items:center}}.business-lab-promo__sponsor{margin-top:20px}@media (min-width: 750px){.business-lab-promo__sponsor{margin-top:0}}@media (min-width: 850px){.business-lab-promo__sponsor{margin-top:30px}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.business-lab-promo__sponsor{margin-top:0}}.adunit{visibility:hidden}.ad--large{width:100%;overflow:hidden;margin:20px 0;background:#eee}@media (min-width: 550px){.ad--large{margin:30px 0;min-height:90px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.ad--large{margin:60px 0;padding:20px 0}}.article+.ad--large{margin-top:0}.ad--large iframe,.ad--large img{margin:0 auto;display:block}.ad--large>div[style*=width]{margin:0 auto !important;display:block !important}.ad--large.ad--full{padding:0}.ad--large.ad--full img{width:100%}.ad--large .l-promo{margin:0 auto}.list-companies .ad--large{background-color:transparent;padding:0}.article-footer__ad{max-width:600px}@media (min-width: 850px){.article-footer__ad{position:relative;float:right;margin-top:-20px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0}}.ad--right-rail{display:none;float:right;margin:0 auto 30px;width:300px;height:270px}@media (min-width: 850px){.ad--right-rail{display:inline-block}}.ad--square-rectangle{margin:0 auto 30px;width:300px}@media (min-width: 850px){.ad--square-rectangle{float:right;clear:right;margin-right:20px}}.ad--square-only{margin:0 0 30px;width:300px}@media (min-width: 850px){.ad--article-body{display:none}}.ad--removed{height:5px;padding:0;min-height:0}.ad--leaderboard{z-index:0;text-align:center;width:100%;min-height:50px;margin:0;background:#eee;position:relative;overflow:hidden}@media (min-width: 321px){.ad--leaderboard{padding:20px}}@media (min-width: 375px){.ad--leaderboard{min-height:90px}}@media (min-width: 786px){.ad--leaderboard{min-height:130px}}.article+.ad--leaderboard{margin-top:0}.ad--leaderboard iframe,.ad--leaderboard img{margin:0 auto;display:block}.ad--leaderboard>div[style*=width]{margin:0 auto !important;display:block !important}.ad--leaderboard+#header{background-color:white}@media (min-width: 850px){.ad--leaderboard+#header{padding-top:30px}}.ad--hp-top-leaderboard{text-align:center}@media (min-width: 850px){.ad--hp-top-leaderboard{min-height:290px}}.ad--bottom-leaderboard{margin-top:20px;padding:0}@media (min-width: 550px){.ad--bottom-leaderboard{margin-top:30px;padding:20px 0}}.ad--tr50-leaderboard{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;background-color:#eee;padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px}@media (min-width: 550px){.ad--tr50-leaderboard{padding-top:30px;padding-bottom:30px}}[data-adunit="__site/__square-rectangle"]:before,[data-adunit="__site/__square-only"]:before,[data-adunit="__site/__right-rail"]:before{content:"Advertisement";display:block;line-height:normal;padding-bottom:5px;color:#999;color:rgba(150,150,150,0.8);font-size:13px !important;font-weight:bold !important;text-align:center}.article-body__content [data-adunit="__site/__square-rectangle"]:before,.article-body__content [data-adunit="__site/__square-only"]:before,.article-body__content [data-adunit="__site/__right-rail"]:before{zoom:80%}body.in-business-report .ad--top-leaderboard,body.in-business-report .ad--large,body.business-report .ad--top-leaderboard,body.business-report .ad--large{background-color:#f1f6fc}.ad_feed--topic-list{margin:60px auto 0;max-width:300px;display:block}@media (min-width: 550px){.ad_feed--topic-list{display:block}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.ad_feed--topic-list{margin:60px -300px 0 0;display:inline;float:left;clear:left}}.ad_feed--other{width:300px}@media (min-width: 550px){.ad_feed--other{margin:0 auto;display:block}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.ad_feed--other{float:right;margin-top:30px;margin-left:-300px}}.l-adunit{position:fixed;z-index:10;visibility:visible;right:0;bottom:70px;height:187px}@media (min-width: 750px){.l-adunit{right:20px;bottom:95px}}#slider-close{visibility:hidden;position:absolute;right:0px;top:0px;width:40px;height:40px;cursor:pointer;z-index:1000;background-color:black;padding:10px}#slider-close .slider-close-icon{position:relative;width:100%;height:100%;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/x-small--white.svg")}.l-adunit [data-adunit="__site/__slider"]{max-width:100%}.l-adunit [data-adunit="__site/__slider"][data-active="true"],.l-adunit [data-adunit="__site/__slider"][data-active="true"]+#slider-close{-webkit-transform:translateX(500px);transform:translateX(500px);opacity:0}.l-adunit [data-adunit="__site/__slider"][data-loaded="true"]{visibility:visible;-webkit-animation:slidein 0.4s ease;animation:slidein 0.4s ease;-webkit-transform:translateX(0px);transform:translateX(0px);opacity:1}@media (min-width: 850px){.l-adunit [data-adunit="__site/__slider"][data-loaded="true"]{bottom:10px;right:10px;width:320px;height:187px}}.l-adunit [data-adunit="__site/__slider"][data-loaded="true"]+#slider-close{visibility:visible;-webkit-animation:slidein 0.4s ease;animation:slidein 0.4s ease;-webkit-transform:translateX(0px);transform:translateX(0px);opacity:1}@-webkit-keyframes slidein{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateX(300px);transform:translateX(300px)}80%{opacity:.3}60%,80%,100%{-webkit-transform:translateX(-10px);transform:translateX(-10px)}70%,90%{-webkit-transform:translateX(10px);transform:translateX(10px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateX(0px);transform:translateX(0px)}}@keyframes slidein{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateX(300px);transform:translateX(300px)}80%{opacity:.3}60%,80%,100%{-webkit-transform:translateX(-10px);transform:translateX(-10px)}70%,90%{-webkit-transform:translateX(10px);transform:translateX(10px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateX(0px);transform:translateX(0px)}}html.noscroll{height:auto;overflow:hidden}html.noscroll body{overflow:hidden;min-height:100%}#fullpage-interstitial-overlay{display:-webkit-box;display:-moz-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-moz-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-moz-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;-moz-align-items:center;align-items:center;visibility:hidden;position:fixed;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.75);z-index:11}#fullpage-interstitial-container{position:relative}#fullpage-interstitial-close{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;width:40px;height:40px;cursor:pointer;z-index:11;background-color:black;padding:10px}#fullpage-interstitial-close .icon{position:relative;width:100%;height:100%;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/x-small--white.svg")}.article-sponsored-content-list{max-width:600px;margin-bottom:15px}@media (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 849px){.article-sponsored-content-list{max-width:1240px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 10px;margin-top:30px}}@media (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 849px) and (min-width: 550px){.article-sponsored-content-list{padding:0 15px}}@media (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 849px) and (min-width: 750px){.article-sponsored-content-list{padding:0 30px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.article-sponsored-content-list{position:relative;float:right}}@media (min-width: 850px){.article-sponsored-content-list__wrapper{position:absolute;width:300px;bottom:180px;right:0;visibility:hidden}}.article-sponsored-content-list__title{padding:0 5px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600px;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:8px;font-weight:bold}.article-sponsored-content-list__list{border-top:4px solid #000}@media (min-width: 850px){.article-sponsored-content-list__list{border-bottom:1px solid #000}}.article-sponsored-content-list__item__sponsor{font-size:12px;font-weight:300;padding-bottom:10px}.article-sponsored-content-list__item__link{display:block;padding:12px 5px;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s;transition:background-color 0.25s}.article-sponsored-content-list__item__link:hover{background-color:#eee}.article-sponsored-content-list__item__sponsor__name{font-weight:600}.article-sponsored-content-list__item__hed{font-size:16px;font-weight:600}@media (min-width: 850px){body.auth-login .login-form{margin:50px 0}}.login-form{margin-bottom:0}.login-form:after{content:" ";display:table;clear:both}@media (min-width: 850px){.login-form{margin-bottom:15px}}.login-form .login-form__aside a:hover,.login-form .login-form__fields a:hover{text-decoration:underline}@media (min-width: 850px){.login-form .login-form__aside{width:41.66667%;float:right}}@media (min-width: 850px){.login-form .login-form__fields{width:50%;float:left}}@media (min-width: 850px){.login-form .login-form__social{margin-bottom:15px}}@media (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 849px){.login-form .login-form__social{margin:5px 0 15px}}.login-form .login-form__social p{line-height:1.5em}.login-form .login-form__social>p:first-child{margin-bottom:5px}@media (min-width: 850px){.login-form .login-form__social>p:first-child{margin-bottom:15px}}.login-form .login-form__social a{font-weight:bold;cursor:pointer}.login-form .login-form__tabs{margin-bottom:20px;border-bottom:1px solid black;display:-webkit-box;display:-moz-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:end;-ms-flex-align:end;-moz-align-items:flex-end;align-items:flex-end}.login-form .login-form__tabs:after{content:" ";display:table;clear:both}@media (min-width: 850px){.login-form .login-form__tabs{margin-bottom:50px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.login-form .login-form__tabs>li+li{margin-left:20px}}.login-form .login-form__tabs .login-form__tabs--join{width:50%}.login-form .login-form__tabs .login-form__tabs--login{width:50%}@media (min-width: 850px){.login-form .login-form__tabs .login-form__tabs--join{width:180px}.login-form .login-form__tabs .login-form__tabs--login{width:80px}}.login-form .login-form__tabs a{display:block;padding:10px 0;padding-right:20px;border-bottom:6px solid transparent;margin-bottom:-3px}@media (min-width: 850px){.login-form .login-form__tabs a{padding-left:15px;padding-right:0}}.login-form .login-form__tabs li.active a,.login-form .login-form__tabs a:hover{border-color:black}.login-form ::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:black}.login-form :-moz-placeholder{color:black}.login-form ::-moz-placeholder{color:black}.login-form :-ms-input-placeholder{color:black}.login-form .form-validation,.login-form .form-feedback{margin-bottom:10px;line-height:1.4em}@media (min-width: 850px){.login-form .form-validation,.login-form .form-feedback{margin-bottom:30px}}.login-form .field-errors,.login-form .field-success,.login-form .field-loading{font-weight:bold}.login-form .field-errors{color:#f79c31}.login-form .field-success{color:#7a8f43}.login-form .field-loading{color:#7a8f43}.login-form .form-validation>div+div{margin-top:7.5px}.login-form .field-checkbox{margin-top:15px;position:relative}@media (min-width: 850px){.login-form .field-checkbox{margin-top:28px}}.login-form .field-checkbox .label-after{display:inline-block;color:black;line-height:1.2em;margin:-1px 0 0 27px}.login-form .field-checkbox .label-after a{text-decoration:underline}.login-form .field-checkbox .checkbox-support{position:absolute;top:2px}.login-form .field-checkbox input[type="checkbox"]{display:none}.login-form .field-checkbox input[type="checkbox"]+.checkbox-support{background-color:transparent;border:1px solid black;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;padding:6px;display:inline-block;margin-right:10px;width:10px;height:10px}.login-form .field-checkbox input[type="checkbox"]+.checkbox-support:active{-webkit-box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.05),inset 0px 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.05),inset 0px 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.login-form .field-checkbox input[type="checkbox"]:checked+.checkbox-support{background-color:black;color:white}.login-form .field-checkbox input[type="checkbox"]:checked+.checkbox-support:after{left:0px;font-size:12px;content:'\2715';position:absolute;top:-1px;left:0px;color:white;width:100%;text-align:center;margin:0 0 0 0;vertical-align:text-top}.login-form .field-captcha{margin-top:15px}@media (min-width: 850px){.login-form .field-captcha{margin-top:28px}}.login-form .field-submit{margin-top:30px}@media (min-width: 850px){.login-form .field-submit{margin-top:40px}}.login-form .other-actions{margin-top:15px;font-size:14px}@media (min-width: 850px){.login-form .other-actions{margin-top:50px}}.login-form .other-actions a{font-weight:bold}.login-form .other-actions p+p{margin-top:7.5px}.login-form .field-input{color:black;border-bottom:1px solid black;position:relative}.login-form .field-input input[type="text"],.login-form .field-input input[type="password"]{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;padding:8px 0;color:black;background-color:transparent;width:100%;border:none;display:block;outline:none}@media (min-width: 850px){.login-form .field-input input[type="text"],.login-form .field-input input[type="password"]{font-size:24px}}.login-form .field-input label{position:absolute;z-index:2;right:0;top:8px;color:#aaa}@media (min-width: 850px){.login-form .field-input label{font-size:24px}}.login-form .field-input+.field-input{margin-top:15px}.login-form input[type="password"]+input[type="password"]{margin-top:5px}.login-form label.input-password:after{content:" ";display:table;clear:both}.login-form .reset-nevermind{font-size:12px;cursor:pointer;margin:10px 0 0}.login-form .reset-nevermind a{display:block;line-height:15px}.login-form .reset-nevermind i{font-size:23px;line-height:15px;vertical-align:-4px;font-weight:bold;margin:0 7.5px 0 0}.login-form .btn{margin-top:15px}@media (min-width: 850px){.login-form .btn{margin-top:25px}}.login-form p{margin:0}.paywall>form{width:100%}.react-container{min-height:600px}.stump{max-width:1240px;margin:50px auto;padding:0 10px;margin-top:0px;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-flow:column;flex-flow:column}@media (min-width: 550px){.stump{padding:0 15px}}@media (min-width: 750px){.stump{padding:0 30px}}.stump__subscribe-alert{color:#F90E1E;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;text-align:center;position:relative;margin-top:20px;width:100%}.stump__subscribe-alert:before{content:"";display:block;height:4px;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;top:50%;z-index:1;margin-top:-3px;background-color:#F90E1E}.stump__subscribe-alert span{display:inline-block;background-color:white;padding:0 10px;position:relative;z-index:2}.stump__heading{line-height:120%;font-weight:200;font-size:48px;margin:20px 0 20px;text-align:center}@media (min-width: 850px){.stump__heading{font-size:90px;margin:50px 0}}.stump__dek{font-size:23px;line-height:1.15em;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:10px;text-align:left}@media (min-width: 850px){.stump__dek{margin-bottom:10px;font-size:23px}}.stump__action-container{max-width:580px;margin:0px auto}.stump__subscribe-input-group .stump__subscribe-input:first-child{width:47%;margin-right:6%}.stump__subscribe-input-group .stump__subscribe-input:last-child{width:47%}.stump__form{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;margin-bottom:10px}.stump__subscribe-input{height:40px;border:1px solid #000;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 2px 2px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.19);box-shadow:inset 2px 2px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.19);line-height:39px;padding:0px 10px;font-size:20px;font-weight:300;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1}.stump__subscribe-checkbox{line-height:30px;font-size:18px;width:100%;margin-bottom:20px;margin-left:10px;display:block}.stump__subscribe-checkbox>.stump__subscribe-checkbox-button{vertical-align:middle;-webkit-transform:scale(1.5);transform:scale(1.5);margin-right:10px}.stump__subscribe-checkbox>a{text-decoration:underline}.stump__subscribe-btn{width:127px;margin-left:10px;background:#000;height:40px;margin-top:0px;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #000;border-radius:0px;-webkit-appearance:none;display:inline-block;text-align:center;line-height:40px;color:#fff;font-size:20px;font-weight:700}.stump__subscribe-btn:hover:not([disabled]){-webkit-transition:background-color 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease;transition:background-color 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease;opacity:0.9}.stump__subscribe-btn[disabled]{opacity:0.6}.stump__login-text{font-size:17px;max-width:580px;margin:0px auto;position:relative;line-height:30px;margin-bottom:10px}@media only screen and (min-width: 1024px){.stump__login-text{white-space:nowrap;font-size:16px}}.stump__login-text .stump__login-text-block{display:inline}@media only screen and (max-width: 1024px){.stump__login-text .stump__login-text-block{display:block}}.stump__login-link{font-weight:700;color:#000;text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer}.stump__error{color:#fc2517;font-size:17px;font-weight:500;margin-bottom:3px}.field-captcha{margin-bottom:15px}.stump-form__loading{fill:red;max-height:32px;max-width:32px;margin:0px auto 10px auto;display:block}.stump-form__loading.hidden{visibility:hidden}.stump__infinite-container{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-top:10px}.stump__infinite-container a{text-decoration:underline !important}.stump__infinite-container a:first-child{margin-left:0px !important;margin-right:15px;text-decoration:none !important}.cta--article{display:inline-block;padding-top:20px;margin-top:20px;width:100%}@media (min-width: 550px){.cta--article{background-color:white;width:200px}}.in-business-report .cta--article{background-color:#E4EFF9}@media (min-width: 550px){.in-business-report .cta--article{margin-top:0;float:right}}.in-business-report .l-article-topper--horizontal .article-topper__header-wrap .cta--article{width:100%;padding:20px 0 0 0}@media (min-width: 1024px){.in-business-report .l-article-topper--horizontal .article-topper__header-wrap .cta--article{width:50%;padding:30px 0}}.article-topper__header-wrap .cta--article{border-top:1px solid #000}@media (min-width: 550px){.in-business-report .cta--article{border-top:none;padding-top:0}}.article-topper__hgroup .cta--article{margin-top:25px;border-top:1px solid #000}.cta--topper{margin:20px 0 0}@media (min-width: 1024px){.cta--topper{margin:30px 0;width:50%}}.sponsor .sponsor__leadin{padding-right:70px;font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.45em;margin-bottom:10px}@media (min-width: 550px){.sponsor .sponsor__leadin{margin-bottom:15px}}.sponsor .sponsor__leadin:first-of-type::first-line{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal}.sponsor .sponsor__logo{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:20px}.sponsor .sponsor__logo img{display:block;max-height:65px}.rm .sponsor{border-top:none}.sponsor-companies .sponsor__leadin{padding-right:70px;font-family:"NeueHaas", sans-serif;font-size:15px;font-weight:400;margin-bottom:6px}.sponsor-companies .sponsor__logo{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:20px}.sponsor-companies .sponsor__logo:hover{background:none}.sponsor-companies .sponsor__logo img{display:block;max-height:55px;max-width:160px}.page-body{max-width:1240px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 10px;line-height:1.63;font-size:19px;font-family:MillerText, serif}@media (min-width: 550px){.page-body{padding:0 15px}}@media (min-width: 750px){.page-body{padding:0 30px}}@media (min-width: 850px){.page-body>*:first-child{margin-top:0}}.page-body p{margin:1em 0 2em}.page-body a{color:#F90E1E}.page-body a:hover{background-image:linear-gradient(to top, transparent, transparent 2px, #F90E1E 2px, #F90E1E 3px, transparent 3px);text-shadow:-1px 1px 0 #fff,1px 1px 0 #fff,-1px 1px 0 #fff,1px 1px 0 #fff}.page-body h1{font-family:NeueHaas;font-size:36px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;font-weight:600;margin:1em 0}@media (min-width: 850px){.page-body h1{font-size:48px}}.page-body h2{font-family:NeueHaas;font-size:24px;font-weight:600;margin:1em 0 .5em}@media (min-width: 850px){.page-body h2{font-size:36px}}.page-body h3{font-family:NeueHaas;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;margin:1em 0 .5em}@media (min-width: 850px){.page-body h3{font-size:24px}}.page-body h4{font-family:NeueHaas;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px}.page-body h5{font-family:NeueHaas;font-size:18px;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 -1em 0}.dropdown-nav-container{max-width:1180px;padding-top:20px;border-top:1px solid black;margin:0 auto 17px;position:relative;z-index:2}@media (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 849px){.dropdown-nav-container{display:none}}.dropdown-nav--article .dropdown-nav__item{margin:0 10px 0 0}.dropdown-nav--article .dropdown-nav__item+.dropdown-nav__item{margin-left:0}.dropdown-nav--article .dropdown-nav__label{font-size:18px;font-weight:700}.dropdown-nav{display:inline-block}.dropdown-nav:after{content:" ";display:table;clear:both}.dropdown-nav__item{float:left;padding:6px 10px 5px;margin:0 5px;cursor:pointer;line-height:normal;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transition:all .1s ease-out;transition:all .1s ease-out;cursor:pointer}.dropdown-nav__item.js-dropdown-nav-item-is-open,.dropdown-nav__item:hover{background-color:black;color:white}.dropdown-nav__item--account .dropdown-nav__dropdown{margin-top:9px}.dropdown-nav__item--account .dropdown-nav__dropdown__list{padding-top:5px}.dropdown-nav__label{font-size:15px;display:block;line-height:normal}.dropdown-nav__dropdown{-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;-webkit-perspective:1000;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0, 0, 0);width:220px;position:absolute;margin:5px 0 0 -10px;opacity:0;z-index:1;-webkit-transition:all .1s ease-out;transition:all .1s ease-out;max-height:0;overflow:hidden}.js-dropdown-nav-item-is-open .dropdown-nav__dropdown,.dropdown-nav__item:hover .dropdown-nav__dropdown{opacity:1;max-height:1000px;border:2px solid #000}.dropdown-nav__dropdown__list{padding:12px 10px 1px;background-color:#000}.dropdown-nav__dropdown--col2flex{width:auto;display:inline-block}.dropdown-nav__dropdown--col2flex .dropdown-nav__dropdown__list{width:auto;display:block;-webkit-columns:2 10px;columns:2 10px;-webkit-column-width:auto;column-width:auto}.dropdown-nav__dropdown--col2flex .dropdown-nav__dropdown__item{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;border-top:1px solid rgba(100,100,100,0.5)}.dropdown-nav__dropdown--col2flex .dropdown-nav__dropdown__item:nth-child(1),.dropdown-nav__dropdown--col2flex .dropdown-nav__dropdown__item:nth-child(6){border-top:none;padding-top:5px}.dropdown-nav__dropdown--col2{margin-left:-10px}.dropdown-nav__dropdown--col2 .dropdown-nav__dropdown__list{display:-webkit-box;display:-moz-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap}.dropdown-nav__dropdown--col2 .dropdown-nav__dropdown__item{width:50%;-webkit-box-flex:1;-moz-flex:1 0 50%;-ms-flex:1 0 50%;flex:1 0 50%;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;border-top:1px solid rgba(100,100,100,0.5)}.dropdown-nav__dropdown--col2 .dropdown-nav__dropdown__item:nth-child(1),.dropdown-nav__dropdown--col2 .dropdown-nav__dropdown__item:nth-child(2){border-top:none}.dropdown-nav__dropdown--colx{width:100%;left:0;right:0;margin-left:0}.dropdown-nav__dropdown--colx .dropdown-nav__dropdown__list{display:-webkit-box;display:-moz-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:20px 20px 10px}.dropdown-nav__dropdown--colx .dropdown-nav__dropdown__item{width:49%}@media screen and (max-width: 450px){.dropdown-nav__dropdown--colx .dropdown-nav__dropdown__item{width:100%}}.dropdown-nav__dropdown--colx .dropdown-nav__dropdown__item+.dropdown-nav__dropdown__item{border-top:none}.dropdown-nav__dropdown__item{padding:5px 0 15px;line-height:1;text-decoration:none;display:block;outline:0;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;color:#ffffff}@media (min-width: 750px){.dropdown-nav__dropdown__item{z-index:1}}.dropdown-nav__dropdown__item+.dropdown-nav__dropdown__item{border-top:1px solid rgba(100,100,100,0.5)}.dropdown-nav__dropdown__link:hover{color:#ddd}.dropdown-nav__dropdown__link em{font-style:normal;display:inline-block;color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);margin-right:3px}.dropdown-nav__expandable__plus{font-style:normal;font-weight:600;margin-left:4px;-webkit-transition:all .2s ease;transition:all .2s ease}.js-dropdown-nav-item-is-open .dropdown-nav__expandable__plus{-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg)}.dropdown-nav--reading-list{display:none}@media (min-width: 750px){.dropdown-nav--reading-list{display:inline-block;margin:0 0 -6px 20px}}.dropdown-nav-container .dropdown-nav--reading-list{margin:0}.l-nav{counter-reset:dropdown;z-index:1;max-width:1240px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 10px;font-family:NeueHaas;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;padding:0}@media (min-width: 550px){.l-nav{padding:0 15px}}@media (min-width: 750px){.l-nav{padding:0 30px}}@media (min-width: 550px){.l-nav{font-size:21px;padding:0}}@media (min-width: 750px){.l-nav{padding:0}}.nav{overflow:visible;position:relative;border-bottom:1px solid #000;display:-webkit-box;display:-moz-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-moz-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;-moz-justify-content:flex-start;justify-content:flex-start}@media (min-width: 850px){.nav{padding:20px 0}}.nav-li{cursor:pointer}@media (min-width: 850px){.nav-li--with-dropdown:hover,.nav-li--with-big-dropdown:hover{background-color:#000;color:#fff}.nav-li--with-dropdown:hover .nav-li__dropdown,.nav-li--with-big-dropdown:hover .nav-li__dropdown{display:-webkit-box;display:-moz-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.nav-li--with-dropdown:hover .nav-li__icon,.nav-li--with-big-dropdown:hover .nav-li__icon{-webkit-transition:all .2s ease;transition:all .2s ease;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/plus--white.svg");-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg)}}.nav-li--active{background-color:#000;color:#fff}.nav-li--active .nav-li__dropdown{display:-webkit-box;display:-moz-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.nav-li--active .nav-li__icon{-webkit-transition:all .2s ease;transition:all .2s ease;background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/plus--white.svg");-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg)}.nav-li--with-big-dropdown{display:none}@media (min-width: 1024px){.nav-li--with-big-dropdown{display:inline-block}}.nav-li--ancillary{display:none}@media (min-width: 850px){.nav-li--ancillary{display:inline-block}}.nav-li__text{display:inline-block;margin:12px 15px}.nav-li__text--title{display:none}@media (min-width: 850px){.nav-li__text--title{display:inline-block;margin-left:0;font-weight:700}}.nav-li__icon{background-image:url("https://cdn.technologyreview.com/_/img/plus.svg");width:10px;height:10px;display:inline-block}.nav-li__dropdown{font-family:NeueHaas;font-weight:700;background-color:#000;color:#fff;display:none;z-index:2;display:none;-ms-flex-flow:column wrap;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;flex-flow:column wrap;list-style-type:none;overflow:auto;padding:20px;line-height:1.5em;width:100%;position:absolute;left:0}@media (min-width: 850px){.nav-li__dropdown{left:auto;width:350px}}.nav-li__dropdown-li{border-top:1px solid #fff;padding:5px 0 10px}.nav-li__dropdown-li--active{color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5)}.nav-li__dropdown--big{display:none;left:0;width:100%;height:400px;padding:40px 20px}.nav-li__dropdown-li--big{width:200px;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;border-top:none;padding:0}.nav-li__dropdown-ol--big:before{counter-increment:dropdown;content:counter(dropdown) " ";color:#666}html{height:100%;margin:0;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}body{margin:0;padding:0;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-moz-font-feature-settings:"liga" on;font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif}.visibility--desktop-x1{display:none}@media (min-width: 1250px){.visibility--desktop-x1{display:inline-block}}.visibility--not-desktop-x1{display:none}@media (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 1249px){.visibility--not-desktop-x1{display:inline-block}}.visibility--desktop{display:none}@media (min-width: 1024px){.visibility--desktop{display:inline-block}}.visibility--not-desktop{display:none}@media (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 1023px){.visibility--not-desktop{display:inline-block}}.visibility--tablet{display:none}@media (min-width: 850px){.visibility--tablet{display:inline-block}}.visibility--not-tablet{display:none}@media (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 849px){.visibility--not-tablet{display:inline-block}}.visibility--breakpoint-nav{display:none}@media (min-width: 750px){.visibility--breakpoint-nav{display:inline-block}}.visibility--not-breakpoint-nav{display:none}@media (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 749px){.visibility--not-breakpoint-nav{display:inline-block}}.visibility--phablet{display:none}@media (min-width: 550px){.visibility--phablet{display:inline-block}}.visibility--not-phablet{display:none}@media (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 549px){.visibility--not-phablet{display:inline-block}}.visibility--phone{display:none}@media (min-width: 401px){.visibility--phone{display:inline-block}}.visibility--not-phone{display:none}@media (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 400px){.visibility--not-phone{display:inline-block}}#header{position:relative;z-index:4}.cms-toolbox{position:fixed;bottom:10px;right:10px;z-index:4}.cms-toolbox__link{display:inline-block;line-height:19px;outline:none;cursor:pointer;padding:5px 8px 5px 10px;line-height:normal;background-color:#F90E1E;color:white;font-weight:bold;font-size:13px;border-radius:3px}.cms-toolbox__link:hover,.cms-toolbox__link:active{background-color:black}.cms-toolbox__link+.cms-toolbox__link{margin-left:10px}.cms-toolbox__icon{margin-left:5px;font-size:1.1em}[data-onload="fadein"]{opacity:0;-webkit-transition:all 150ms ease-out-in;transition:all 150ms ease-out-in}body.window-load [data-onload="fadein"]{opacity:1}[data-onload="hidden"]{display:none}body.window-load [data-onload="hidden"]{display:inherit}.container{max-width:1240px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 10px}@media (min-width: 550px){.container{padding:0 15px}}@media (min-width: 750px){.container{padding:0 30px}}.truncate__trigger a{margin-left:5px;font-weight:bold}.truncate__trigger a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.truncate__trigger--active{display:none}.truncate__extended{opacity:0;display:none;-webkit-transition:all opacity ease;transition:all opacity ease}.truncate__extended--active{display:inline;opacity:1}.site-content{margin-top:20px;position:relative;display:block;z-index:2}section.content-head{position:relative}section.content-head>.container{position:relative;z-index:2}.article-body__content:after,.content-body:after{content:" ";display:table;clear:both}.article-body__content .breadcrumb,.content-body .breadcrumb{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:700}.article-body__content a,.content-body a{color:#F90E1E}.article-body__content a:hover,.content-body a:hover{background-image:linear-gradient(to top, transparent, transparent 2px, #F90E1E 2px, #F90E1E 3px, transparent 3px);text-shadow:-1px 1px 0 #fff,1px 1px 0 #fff,-1px 1px 0 #fff,1px 1px 0 #fff}.article-body__content p,.content-body p{font-family:"MillerText",serif;font-size:19px;line-height:1.63;margin-bottom:25px}.page-h1{border-top:4px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;font-family:"NeueHaas";font-size:40px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;font-weight:900;margin-bottom:20px;padding:10px 0;line-height:normal}@media (min-width: 550px){.page-h1{padding-top:20px;margin-bottom:30px}}@media (min-width: 800px){.page-h1{padding-bottom:50px;font-size:50px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}}.section-h1-mod{border-top:1px solid #000;margin-bottom:20px;margin-right:8.33333%}*+.section-h1-mod{margin-top:45px}.section-h1{border-bottom:2px solid #000;font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:36px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;font-weight:300;padding-top:5px;padding-bottom:5px;margin-bottom:25px}*+.section-h1{margin-top:45px}@media (min-width: 850px){.section-h1{font-size:52px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;margin-bottom:45px}*+.section-h1{margin-top:65px}}.section-h2{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:24px;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:15px}*+.section-h2{margin-top:45px}@media (min-width: 850px){.section-h2{font-size:36px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}}.section-h3{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:20px;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:15px}*+.section-h3{margin-top:45px}@media (min-width: 850px){.section-h3{font-size:24px}}.section-h4{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:15px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px}*+.section-h4{margin-top:45px}.section-h5{font-family:"NeueHaas",sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:15px}*+.section-h5{margin-top:45px}.section-h4--underline{border-top:1px solid black;padding-top:5px}body,select,input,textarea{color:#222}a{text-decoration:none;color:inherit}a:focus{outline:0}input:-webkit-autofill,select:-webkit-autofill,textarea:-webkit-autofill{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0 1000px white inset !important}body.in-business-report input:-webkit-autofill,body.in-business-report select:-webkit-autofill,body.in-business-report textarea:-webkit-autofill{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0 1000px #E4EFF9 inset !important}.brightcove-video-container{width:100%}.brightcove-video{position:relative;height:0;padding-bottom:56.25%}.BrightcoveExperience{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%}.feedback{margin:0 0 20px}.feedback p{margin:0;background:#eee;padding:10px 15px}.feedback p+p{margin-top:5px}.feedback p.success{background-color:green;color:white}.feedback p.error{background-color:red;color:white}